Innate Helper Cells

Defense against viruses and intracellularbacteria and parasites (protozoa).

Found under body surfaces such asintestinal mucosa- scattered through laminapropria.

Found under body surfaces such asintestinal mucosa- scattered through laminapropria.

Produces large amount of Th-1 associatedcytokines; interferon-y and TNF- a inresponse to activation by IL-12, -15 and -18from dendritic cells.

Produces large amount of Th-1 associatedcytokines; interferon-y and TNF- a inresponse to activation by IL-12, -15 and -18from dendritic cells.

Activates macrophages.

Activates macrophages.

ILC1- ILC3 on exposure to IL-23, IL-1B andretinoic acid.

ILC1- ILC3 on exposure to IL-23, IL-1B andretinoic acid.

ILC3-ILC1 through IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18

ILC3-ILC1 through IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18

NK cells are closely related to ILC

NK cells are closely related to ILC

Defense against helminths

Found in the lung, skin, bone marrow, liver,mesenteric fat and in the small intestine.

Produces large amount of Th2- associatedcytokines; IL-5 and IL-13 and smaller amountsof IL-4 and IL-9 in response to thymic stromallymphopoietin (TSLP).

Produces large amount of Th2- associatedcytokines; IL-5 and IL-13 and smaller amountsof IL-4 and IL-9 in response to thymic stromallymphopoietin (TSLP).

Produces large amount of Th2- associatedcytokines; IL-5 and IL-13 and smaller amountsof IL-4 and IL-9 in response to thymic stromallymphopoietin (TSLP).

IL-25 and IL-33 from epithelial cells.

IL-25 and IL-33 from epithelial cells.

IL-25 and IL-33 from epithelial cells.

Required for the development of early innateimmunity to parasitic helminths

Regulation of type 2 inflammatory responsesuch as asthma and allergic disease.

Control eosinophil production by eosinophilia.

Control eosinophil production by eosinophilia.

Mucus production by goblet cells

Mucus production by goblet cells

Alternative activation of macrophages

Alternative activation of macrophages

Tissue repair

ILC2 – ILC1 by IL12, reversed by IL-4

ILC2 – ILC1 by IL12, reversed by IL-4

Promotes immunity to extracellular bacteria.

Found in the GIT tract & lungs.

Found in the GIT tract & lungs.

Produces IL-17 and IL-22 in response tostimulation by TSLP and IL-23 and thusresemble Th17 in their cytokine profile.

Produces IL-17 and IL-22 in response tostimulation by TSLP and IL-23 and thusresemble Th17 in their cytokine profile.

Immunity on mucosal surfaces by resistingextracellular bacteria and fungi.

Immunity on mucosal surfaces by resistingextracellular bacteria and fungi.

Require for the development of lymph nodes,peyer’s patches and isolated lymphoid follicles.

Require for the development of lymph nodes,peyer’s patches and isolated lymphoid follicles.

Also called lymphoid tissue inducer (LTI) cells.

Also called lymphoid tissue inducer (LTI) cells.

Regulate differentiation of B cells.

Regulate differentiation of B cells.