Basic Structure of C++ MIS114

Front: What is the basic structure of a C++ program in order?

Back: Documentation Section → Linking Section → Definition Section → Global Declaration Section → Member Function Definitions → Main Function.

Front: What is the Documentation Section used for?

Back: To document the program’s objective, developer, and logic using comments (/* … */).

Front: What does the Linking Section do?

Back: It tells the compiler to link keywords/functions to header files (e.g., #include ).

Front: What is iostream used for?

Back: It contains declarations for cin and cout, which handle input and output.

Front: What is cout?

Back: A predefined object representing the standard output stream; used with << to display data.

Front: What is cin?

Back: A predefined object representing the standard input stream; used with >> to read data.

Front: What is the Definition Section?

Back: It declares constants using #define (e.g., #define MAX 25).

Front: What is the Global Declaration Section?

Back: Where variables and class definitions used throughout the program are declared outside main().

Front: What is the Main Function Section?

Back: main() is where program execution starts; contains declaration and executable sections.

Front: What are the two parts of the main function?

Back: Declaration section (variables) and Executable section (instructions).

Front: What is a data type?

Back: It indicates the type of data stored in a variable (e.g., int, char, float).

Front: What are the three classes of data types in C++?

Back: Primitive, Derived, and User-defined.

Front: What are Primitive Data Types?

Back: Built-in types like int, char, float, bool, double, void.

Front: What is the size and range of an int typically?

Back: 4 bytes, range: -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647.

Front: What is the size of a char?

Back: 1 byte, range: -128 to 127 or 0 to 255.

Front: What values can a bool hold?

Back: true (1) or false (0).

Front: What is the size of a float?

Back: 4 bytes.

Front: What is the size of a double?

Back: 8 bytes.

Front: What does void represent?

Back: A valueless entity; used for functions that do not return a value.

Front: What are Derived Data Types?

Back: Types derived from primitives: Function, Array, Pointer, Reference.

Front: What are User-defined Data Types?

Back: Types defined by the programmer: Class, Structure, Union, Enumeration, typedef.

Front: What is #include used for?

Back: For input/output manipulation, e.g., setprecision().

Front: What does setprecision() do?

Back: Sets the number of decimal places to display in floating-point output.

Front: What are C++ tokens?

Back: The smallest individual units of a program: Keywords, Identifiers, Constants, Variables, Operators.

Front: What are Keywords?

Back: Reserved words with special meaning (e.g., int, class, if).

Front: What are Identifiers?

Back: Names given to variables, functions, classes, etc.

Front: What is an example of a constant?

Back: A fixed value like 5, 3.14, or 'A'.

Front: What is an operator?

Back: Symbols that perform operations (e.g., +, -, ==, <<).

Front: What is the purpose of using namespace std;?

Back: Allows use of names from the standard library without prefixing std::.

Front: In the example program that adds two numbers, what does cin >> x; do?

Back: Waits for user input and stores it in variable x.

Front: How do you print a Boolean variable’s value?

Back: cout prints 1 for true and 0 for false.

Front: What is the >> operator called with cin?

Back: Extraction operator.

Front: What is the << operator called with cout?

Back: Insertion operator.

Front: What is the difference between float and double?