Ap world history Unit 3:Post Classical era

WHAP Unit 3 - Post Classical Era (217 Terms)

According to Procopius, two sixth century Christian monks undertook an elaborate smuggling operations to provide Byzantium with knowledge to produce what?

silk

The only classical society that survived the centuries after 400 C.E. was the

Byzantine

Byzantium's major advantage was

its strategic position on the bosporus

Which of the following statements about Constantinople is not true?

It was built in an attempt to revitalize the impoverished eastern half of the Roman empire.

Which part of the Mediterranean basin was never part of the Byzantine Empire?

Arabia; The Western half

Up through the eighth century, who was the chief foreign threat to the eastern Roman Empire?

The Sasanids

What was the most important political feature of the Byzantine state?

its tightly centralized power under a powerful emperor

The mixture of secular and religious authority that marked Constantine's reign as well as that of the Byzantine emperors.

Caesaropapism

What do historians use the term caesaropapism to refer to?

The system in which the emperor has a mixture of political and religious authority.

The adjective byzantine, drawn from the government of Byzantium, stands for

Unnecessary complexity and convolution

Theodora's career before marrying Justinian was a

Striptease artist

Hagia Sophia was

the magnificent church at Constantinople

justinian's most important and long-lasting political achievement was

the codification of Roman law

Justinians issuance of the Corpus juris civlis

won recognition as the definitive codification of Roman law

Italy, Sicily, northwestern Africa, and southern Spain were brought back under imperial control by the military victories of

Belisarius

Constantinople withstood sieges in 674-678 and 717-718 by

arabic forces

One of the causes of Byzantine resurgence was political innovation wherein a general was given military and civil control over an imperial province or

theme

Byzantinian Ruler who led a resurgence of power in eleventh century by crushing the Bulgars was

Basil ll

the term GREEK FIRE refers to

This was a weapon they used made of sulphur, lime, and petroleum. It could burn on water which was a hazard around wooden ships.

Basil II crushed the Bulgars in 1014 at the Battle of

Kleidion

The wife of Justinian, who proved to be an invaluable adviser, was

Theodora

A direct challenge to the Byzantine emperor arose in the year 800 when the pope gave an imperial crown to what Frankish king?

Charlemagne

In the year 962, Otto of Saxony

claimed to rule as emperor of the old western half of the Former Roman Empire

The theme system

it placed an imperial province under the jurisdiction of an army general who took responsibility for both its military defense and civil administration

By the late sixth century, Byzantium became the Mediterranean world's leading producer of

silk

The bezant

it was Byzantines standard currency of Meditteranean

From the sixth century on, the official language of Constantinople was

latin

The main factions during the Justinian's time who contested in the Hippodrome and two occasionally fought in the streets were

the greens and blues

What describes education in Byzantium?

Basic literacy was widespread in Byzantine society

In 325 c.e., in an effort to answer the Arians, Constantine brought together leading church men at the council of

Nicea

The Alexandrian priest, Arius, leader of the Arians, believed what?

Taught that Jesus used to be a mortal and was creation of God rather than a divine being

Emperor Leo lll inaugurated the divisive ecclesiastical policy of

Iconoclasm

Who was the first and most famous of the pillar Saint?

St. Simeon Stylite

St. Basil of Caesarea played a key role in the rise of

Monasticism

What did the pope in Rome and the patriarch in Constantinople do to each other in 1054?

They mutually excommunicated and refused to recognize each other's church as properly Christian

The fourth crusade, in early 1204

Sacked Constantinople and caused extreme harm to the Byzantine empire

In a disaster from which the Byzantine empire never really recovered Constantinople was sacked in 1204 by the

Fourth crusade

In 1071 Byzantium lost the battle of Manzikert and control over Anatolia to the

Saljuqs

The Byzantine empire suffered a devastating loss to the Saljuq Turks in 1071 at the battle of

Manzikert

Constantinople finally fell in 1453 to the

Ottoman turks

Saints Methodist and cyril

Devised the Cyrillic alphabet

What city influenced heavily by Constantinople was most important in the early rise of russia

Kiev

The rise of orthodox Christianity in Russia was helped by the conversion in 989 of

Prince Vladimir of Kiev

By the 16th century Russians had begun to think of Moscow as

The third rome

Haji

the islamic pilgrimage to Mecca

islam means

submission

"One who has submitted"

Muslim

"House of Islam"

refers to the land under islamic rule, the phrase dar al- islam

Khadija

in muhammad's wife, a wealthy widow

the quran

is the holy book of islam

the turning point in the rise of Islam was

hijra(migration) when muhammad moved to Medina

islamic holy law

sharia

no religious leader could follow muhammad because

so political authority rested in the position of the caliph

caliph elected after muhammad's death

Abu Bakr

the shia believed

the caliphate should follow the line of Ali

the main split inside islam

sunni and shia

the umayyad dynasty came to power after the assassination of

Ali

umayyad governing policies reflected

the victorious Arab armies of the umayyad dynasty

Jizya

the umayyad forces allowed conquered peoples to maintain their own religions, but insisted that they pay a special head tax on those people who did not convert to islam, the head tax

The Abbasid dynasty was founded by

Abu al-Abbas

The Abbasid dynasty differed from the Umayyad dynasty in that

it was not a conquering dynasty

Baghdad

the capital of the Abbasid empire

ulama

people with religious knowledge

the high point of the Abbasid dynasty came during the reign of

Harun al-Rashid

the Saljuqs sultan was

during the last 200 years of the Abbasid empire fell to them

The Abbasid dynasty finally came to an end when

it was overrun by the mongols

The most important new crop that spread throughout the Islamic world were

cotton

Paper manufacture was transmitted to the Islamic world from _________, during the _______________ period?

China, Abbasid

caravanserais

inns offering lodging for caravan merchants and care for their animals

sakks allowed merchants to

islamic banks honored letters of credit, which could be drawn on the parent bank

Al-Andalus

its capital city is Cordoba

the quran allows men to have up to how many wives?

four

how did the conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia influence the role of the women in the Islamic world?

Islamic society became more patriarchal

the text of the quran has to be in _______ to be reliable

arabic

institutions of higher learning

madrasas

the sufis believed

in an emotional and mystical union with allah

the persian theologian who argued that human reason was too frail to understand the nature of allah was

the Persian al-Ghazali

what factors helped bring unity to islamic world?

Ka'ba at Mecca, Abbasid caliphs encouraged hajj, and pilgrims who made the trip to Mecca spread islamic values and beliefs all over parts of the Islamic world

Literary works of the abbasid dynasty reflect the influence of

Persia

Rubaiyat

the author was Omar Khayyam

the Arabian Nights is also known as

the thousand and one nights

Indian influence on islamic thought was most prevalent in the field of

math

arabic numbers originated in

india

Ibn Rushd

the islamic thinker who studied aristotle and whose thought, in turn, influenced the rise of European scholasticism

the main influence on the thought of ibn rushd was

Aristotle

ibn rushd's reliance on natural reason went too far for many muslims, who

who placed more value on the revelations of the Quran than on the fruits of human logic

Xuanzang was famous for

Traveling beyond the China border to India and back

Yang jian

The Sui dynasty was founded by

The grand canal was completed under the second Sui emperor

Sui yangdi

The principal conduit of internal trade in postclassical China that continues to function today

The grand canal

The grand canal stretched from what city in the south to what city in the north

Yangzhou to Beijing

The Tang Dynasty's energetic second ruler

Tang taizong

The equal field system

The tang plan to avoid the concentration of land in the hands of the wealthy

The imperial civil service system of the Tang Dynasty reflected

The heavy reliance on a bureaucracy based on merit most office holders won their posts because of intellectual ability

The Tang Dynasty

Confucianism, administration equal field system expansion into Korea/Vietnam tributary relationships between China and neighboring lands

Go to the blue sea look along the shore at all the old white bones forsaken

The post Du Fu

A ritual prostration in which subordinates knelt before the empire and touched their foreheads to the ground

The kowtow

Tang emperors were forced to invite the Turkish uighurs to bring an army into China and suppress a rebellion by

An lushan

Huang chao

Most of eastern China fell to this man, who rebelled because of popular discontent and who raided the wealthy and distributed his plunder to the poor

The first song emperor

Song taziu