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WHAP Unit 3 - Post Classical Era (217 Terms)
According to Procopius, two sixth century Christian monks undertook an elaborate smuggling operations to provide Byzantium with knowledge to produce what?
silk
The only classical society that survived the centuries after 400 C.E. was the
Byzantine
Byzantium's major advantage was
its strategic position on the bosporus
Which of the following statements about Constantinople is not true?
It was built in an attempt to revitalize the impoverished eastern half of the Roman empire.
Which part of the Mediterranean basin was never part of the Byzantine Empire?
Arabia; The Western half
Up through the eighth century, who was the chief foreign threat to the eastern Roman Empire?
The Sasanids
What was the most important political feature of the Byzantine state?
its tightly centralized power under a powerful emperor
The mixture of secular and religious authority that marked Constantine's reign as well as that of the Byzantine emperors.
Caesaropapism
What do historians use the term caesaropapism to refer to?
The system in which the emperor has a mixture of political and religious authority.
The adjective byzantine, drawn from the government of Byzantium, stands for
Unnecessary complexity and convolution
Theodora's career before marrying Justinian was a
Striptease artist
Hagia Sophia was
the magnificent church at Constantinople
justinian's most important and long-lasting political achievement was
the codification of Roman law
Justinians issuance of the Corpus juris civlis
won recognition as the definitive codification of Roman law
Italy, Sicily, northwestern Africa, and southern Spain were brought back under imperial control by the military victories of
Belisarius
Constantinople withstood sieges in 674-678 and 717-718 by
arabic forces
One of the causes of Byzantine resurgence was political innovation wherein a general was given military and civil control over an imperial province or
theme
Byzantinian Ruler who led a resurgence of power in eleventh century by crushing the Bulgars was
Basil ll
the term GREEK FIRE refers to
This was a weapon they used made of sulphur, lime, and petroleum. It could burn on water which was a hazard around wooden ships.
Basil II crushed the Bulgars in 1014 at the Battle of
Kleidion
The wife of Justinian, who proved to be an invaluable adviser, was
Theodora
A direct challenge to the Byzantine emperor arose in the year 800 when the pope gave an imperial crown to what Frankish king?
Charlemagne
In the year 962, Otto of Saxony
claimed to rule as emperor of the old western half of the Former Roman Empire
The theme system
it placed an imperial province under the jurisdiction of an army general who took responsibility for both its military defense and civil administration
By the late sixth century, Byzantium became the Mediterranean world's leading producer of
silk
The bezant
it was Byzantines standard currency of Meditteranean
From the sixth century on, the official language of Constantinople was
latin
The main factions during the Justinian's time who contested in the Hippodrome and two occasionally fought in the streets were
the greens and blues
What describes education in Byzantium?
Basic literacy was widespread in Byzantine society
In 325 c.e., in an effort to answer the Arians, Constantine brought together leading church men at the council of
Nicea
The Alexandrian priest, Arius, leader of the Arians, believed what?
Taught that Jesus used to be a mortal and was creation of God rather than a divine being
Emperor Leo lll inaugurated the divisive ecclesiastical policy of
Iconoclasm
Who was the first and most famous of the pillar Saint?
St. Simeon Stylite
St. Basil of Caesarea played a key role in the rise of
Monasticism
What did the pope in Rome and the patriarch in Constantinople do to each other in 1054?
They mutually excommunicated and refused to recognize each other's church as properly Christian
The fourth crusade, in early 1204
Sacked Constantinople and caused extreme harm to the Byzantine empire
In a disaster from which the Byzantine empire never really recovered Constantinople was sacked in 1204 by the
Fourth crusade
In 1071 Byzantium lost the battle of Manzikert and control over Anatolia to the
Saljuqs
The Byzantine empire suffered a devastating loss to the Saljuq Turks in 1071 at the battle of
Manzikert
Constantinople finally fell in 1453 to the
Ottoman turks
Saints Methodist and cyril
Devised the Cyrillic alphabet
What city influenced heavily by Constantinople was most important in the early rise of russia
Kiev
The rise of orthodox Christianity in Russia was helped by the conversion in 989 of
Prince Vladimir of Kiev
By the 16th century Russians had begun to think of Moscow as
The third rome
Haji
the islamic pilgrimage to Mecca
islam means
submission
"One who has submitted"
Muslim
"House of Islam"
refers to the land under islamic rule, the phrase dar al- islam
Khadija
in muhammad's wife, a wealthy widow
the quran
is the holy book of islam
the turning point in the rise of Islam was
hijra(migration) when muhammad moved to Medina
islamic holy law
sharia
no religious leader could follow muhammad because
so political authority rested in the position of the caliph
caliph elected after muhammad's death
Abu Bakr
the shia believed
the caliphate should follow the line of Ali
the main split inside islam
sunni and shia
the umayyad dynasty came to power after the assassination of
Ali
umayyad governing policies reflected
the victorious Arab armies of the umayyad dynasty
Jizya
the umayyad forces allowed conquered peoples to maintain their own religions, but insisted that they pay a special head tax on those people who did not convert to islam, the head tax
The Abbasid dynasty was founded by
Abu al-Abbas
The Abbasid dynasty differed from the Umayyad dynasty in that
it was not a conquering dynasty
Baghdad
the capital of the Abbasid empire
ulama
people with religious knowledge
the high point of the Abbasid dynasty came during the reign of
Harun al-Rashid
the Saljuqs sultan was
during the last 200 years of the Abbasid empire fell to them
The Abbasid dynasty finally came to an end when
it was overrun by the mongols
The most important new crop that spread throughout the Islamic world were
cotton
Paper manufacture was transmitted to the Islamic world from _________, during the _______________ period?
China, Abbasid
caravanserais
inns offering lodging for caravan merchants and care for their animals
sakks allowed merchants to
islamic banks honored letters of credit, which could be drawn on the parent bank
Al-Andalus
its capital city is Cordoba
the quran allows men to have up to how many wives?
four
how did the conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia influence the role of the women in the Islamic world?
Islamic society became more patriarchal
the text of the quran has to be in _______ to be reliable
arabic
institutions of higher learning
madrasas
the sufis believed
in an emotional and mystical union with allah
the persian theologian who argued that human reason was too frail to understand the nature of allah was
the Persian al-Ghazali
what factors helped bring unity to islamic world?
Ka'ba at Mecca, Abbasid caliphs encouraged hajj, and pilgrims who made the trip to Mecca spread islamic values and beliefs all over parts of the Islamic world
Literary works of the abbasid dynasty reflect the influence of
Persia
Rubaiyat
the author was Omar Khayyam
the Arabian Nights is also known as
the thousand and one nights
Indian influence on islamic thought was most prevalent in the field of
math
arabic numbers originated in
india
Ibn Rushd
the islamic thinker who studied aristotle and whose thought, in turn, influenced the rise of European scholasticism
the main influence on the thought of ibn rushd was
Aristotle
ibn rushd's reliance on natural reason went too far for many muslims, who
who placed more value on the revelations of the Quran than on the fruits of human logic
Xuanzang was famous for
Traveling beyond the China border to India and back
Yang jian
The Sui dynasty was founded by
The grand canal was completed under the second Sui emperor
Sui yangdi
The principal conduit of internal trade in postclassical China that continues to function today
The grand canal
The grand canal stretched from what city in the south to what city in the north
Yangzhou to Beijing
The Tang Dynasty's energetic second ruler
Tang taizong
The equal field system
The tang plan to avoid the concentration of land in the hands of the wealthy
The imperial civil service system of the Tang Dynasty reflected
The heavy reliance on a bureaucracy based on merit most office holders won their posts because of intellectual ability
The Tang Dynasty
Confucianism, administration equal field system expansion into Korea/Vietnam tributary relationships between China and neighboring lands
Go to the blue sea look along the shore at all the old white bones forsaken
The post Du Fu
A ritual prostration in which subordinates knelt before the empire and touched their foreheads to the ground
The kowtow
Tang emperors were forced to invite the Turkish uighurs to bring an army into China and suppress a rebellion by
An lushan
Huang chao
Most of eastern China fell to this man, who rebelled because of popular discontent and who raided the wealthy and distributed his plunder to the poor
The first song emperor
Song taziu
Note 
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