319 Unit 1 - Antibiotics Part 2

_____________ are relatively newer, broad spectrum antibiotics effective against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. (not as effective due to resistance that quickly developed)

a. carbapenems

b. fluoroquinolones

c. sulfonamides

d. tetracyclines

a. carbapenems ("-penem")

what is the mechanism of action for carbapenems?

a. inhibiting cell wall synthesis

b. inhibiting protein synthesis

c. interference with cell metabolism

d. alteration in membrane permeability

d. alteration in membrane permeability

true or false: carbapenems absorb very slowly so the dosing frequency is very spread out.

false

what are the two drugs that are noted to interact with carbapenems?

1. valproic acid

2. ganciclovir (with imipenem)

______________ is a synthetic class of broad spectrum drugs introduced in the 80s and used a lot as a penicillin alternative in the 90s

a. carbapenems

b. fluoroquinolones

c. sulfonamides

d. tetracyclines

b. fluoroquinolones ("-floxacin")

what is the mechanism of action for fluoroquinolones?

a. inhibiting cell wall synthesis

b. inhibiting DNA/RNA synthesis

c. interference with cell metabolism

d. alteration in membrane permeability

b. Inhibiting DNA/RNA synthesis

ciprofloxacin can prevent or treat post exposure of _____________

a. tuberculosis

b. HIV/AIDs

c. anthrax

d. varicella

c. anthrax

_______________ were originally taken off the market due to dangerous adverse effects such as spontaneous tendon rupture, specifically of the achilles

fluoroquinolones

fluoroquinolones can interact with iron salts, sucralfate, multivitams, calcium, and antacids causing the therapeutic effect to (increase/decrease)

decrease

drugs such as warfarin and NSAIDs can interact with fluoroquinolones and cause _____________.

increased QT interval

_____________ have been around a long time and are now limited in their use - mostly used topically and as neonatal eyedrops

a. carbapenems

b. fluoroquinolones

c. sulfonamides

d. tetracyclines

c. sulfonamides

sulfonamides are (bacteriostatic/bactericidal)

bacteriostatic

what is the mechanism of action for sulfonamides?

inhibit folic acid synthesis

sulfonamides are contraindicated with known allergies to what two drugs?

1. thiazides

2. loop diuretics

what three medications are known to interact with sulfonamides?

1. antidiabetic agents

2. medications increasing risk for hyperkalemia

3. cyclosporine

_______________ were developed as a semisynthetic drug based on the structure of common soil mold

a. carbapenems

b. fluoroquinolones

c. sulfonamides

d. tetracyclines

d. tetracyclines ("-cycline")

_______________ are bacteriostatic antibiotics no matter the dose, meaning immunocompromised patients cannot take them

tetracyclines

which mechanism of action do tetracyclines use?

a. inhibiting cell wall synthesis

b. inhibiting protein synthesis

c. interference with cell metabolism

d. alteration in membrane permeability

b. inhibiting protein synthesis

what medication administration point is important regarding tetracyclines?

take on an empty stomach with only water (especially no dairy)

tuberculosis is very hard to kill due to what reason?

a. replicate very quickly

b. burrow deep into tissues

c. its viral and does not respond to antibiotics

d. acid fast cell wall structure

d. acid fast cell wall structure

how is tuberculosis spread?

a. airborne

b. droplet

c. contact

d. blood borne

a. airborne

what is a characteristic sign of active tuberculosis?

a. dry mucous membranes

b. poor circulation

c. blood in sputum

d. constant dry cough

c. blood in sputum

true or false: a single drug regimen is effective against tuberculosis

false

what is the biggest teaching point with anti-tubercular drugs

stick to the regimen - don't skip or stop doses

What is the leprostatic drug?

dapsone

what is the mechanism of action for antimycobacterials?

a. inhibiting cell wall synthesis

b. inhibiting DNA/RNA synthesis

c. interference with cell metabolism

d. alteration in membrane permeability

b. inhibiting DNA/RNA synthesis

vancomycin (lipoglycopeptide) is often kept on hand in the acute care setting. Why?

it is effective against gram-positive MRSA and bactericidal

redneck/redman syndrome is associated with what antibiotic?

vancomycin

true or false: redman syndrome is a toxic reaction that occurs when IV infusion is too rapid resulting in hypotention and red blotching of face, neck, chest and extremities

true