Module 2

-algesia

-algesia

pain

-algia

pain, pain in X-

arthr-, articul-

joint

cartilag-, cartilagin-, chondr-

cartilage

desm-, ligament-

ligament

disk-

disk

fibr-, fibros-

fibrous tissue

hol-

all; entire; whole

-ification

nominal suffix: process of making

-ify

verbal suffix: make

-itis

inflammation

muscul-, my-, myos-

muscle

myel-

bone marrow; spinal cord

oss-, osse-, oste-

bone

-paenia

an insufficient amount (of a substance)

por-, -pore

pore; passage

rachi-, spin-

spinal column; spine

rrhachi-

spinal column; spine [after a vowel, initial letter doubles, ie. xx]

skelet-

skeletal

soma-, somat-

body

spondyl-, vertebr-

vertebra

ten-, tend-

tendon

gryp-

curved, hooked

adip-, lip-, steat-

fat

angi-, vas-, vascul-

vessel, especially blood vessel; duct

capillar-

capillary (smallest blood vessel)

cutane-, derm-, dermat-

skin

cyt-, -cyte

cell

hidr-

sweat; sweat gland

hygr-

moisture

myc-, mycet-

fungus

nerv-, neur-

nervous system

ole-

oil

-oma

tumour; a swelling; abnormal mass (singular form)

-omata

tumour; a swelling; abnormal mass (plural form)

phleb-, ven-

vein [vessel that carries blood to the heart]

sarc-

flesh

seb-

sebum; oily secretion [of the sebaceous gland]

ser-

serum

sphygm-

pulse

-stasis

stagnation (of a flow/movement); cessation (of a flow/movement)

-stat

device used to control; agent used to control

-static

pertaining to the control of (a substance); pertaining to the stagnation (or cessation) (of a flow/movement)

thromb-

clot

thrombocyt-

thrombocyte; platelet

varic-

varix; a torturous dilation of a vein

ventricul-

ventricle; small cavity

venul-

venule; small vein

a-

absence; lack (noun); without; lacking (adjective); (before everything but vowels, H, and R; otherwise an- or ar- = +B-, +C-, +D-, +F-, +G-, +J-, +K-, +L-, +M-, +N-, +P-, +Q-, +S-, +T-, +V-, +Z-)

-ac

adjectival suffix

acromi-

acromion; the lateral projection of the shoulder blade

-ad

moving in a direction toward [when two roots are used, the first root denotes the origin and the second the end-point, e.g., cephalocaud____ means “moving in a direction from the head toward the tail.”]

-agra

sudden and severe pain

an-

absence; lack (noun); without; lacking (adjective); (before vowels & H = +A-, +E-, +H-, +I-, +O-, +U-; otherwise a- or ar-)

aneurysm-

aneurysm; dilation of the wall of the heart, artery, or vein

anomal-

irregular

aort-

aorta; main vessel of the arterial system

ar-

absence; lack (noun); without; lacking (adjective) (before R = +R-; otherwise a- or an-)

arteri-

artery [vessel that carries blood away from the heart]

arteriol-

arteriole; small artery [adjoining capillaries]

atri-

atrium [pl. atria]; chamber; cavity [in the body]

brady-

slow [no combining vowel follows]

cardi-

heart

clavic-, clavicul-, cleid-

clavicle; collar bone

-cleisis

blockage; (surgical) closure, means the same thing, but can also mean "(surgical) closure"

cost-

rib

-gram

a record

-graph

instrument used to record

-graphy

a recording [ie. a process of making a record]

mes-

middle

-odynia

pain

pector-, steth-, thorac-

chest; thorax

-plasty

surgical repair

rhythm-

rhythm

-stenosis

constriction (of a passage or duct); an abnormal narrowing (of a structure)

stern-

sternum; breast bone

valv-, valvul-

valve

tach-, tachy-

rapid [no combining vowel follows tachy-]

cingulus-

belt [Latin meaning]

dem-

people; popualtion

dys-

indicates a negative state; many possible translations, depending on the context: abnormal; faulty; difficult; painful; malfunctioning; poor; poorly

enter-

intestines

epi-

on; upon; toward

febr-

fever [followed by the combining vowel -i-]

helminth-, verm-, vermin-

worm

hepat-

liver

hepatic-

hepatic duct

herp-, herpet-

reptile; snake; spreading blister

larva

ghost [Latin meaning]; larva

-lepsy

seizure

lith-

rock; stone; calculus [pl. calculi] (in an organ or other tissue)

-lith, petr-

rock; stone

lymph-

lymph

lymphatic-

lymphatic system; lymphatic duct

megal-

large

-megaly

enlargement (of an organ or structure)

oneir-

dream; dreaming

pan-

all; entire; whole [no combining vowel follows]

para-

beside; beyond

-paresis

slight paralysis