Midterm Exam TESL 337

What is the focus of Zaretta Hammond's book "Culturally Responsive Teaching and the Brain"?

Providing strategies for culturally responsive teaching

In "Culturally Responsive Teaching and the Brain," what does Zaretta Hammond call the "gap"?

The disparity in academic achievement between different racial and ethnic groups

According to Zaretta Hammond, what is one key factor contributing to the achievement gap?

Socioeconomic status

What is productive struggle, according to Zaretta Hammond?

engaging in challenging tasks that promote growth and learning.

Why is productive struggle necessary for learning?

It enhances cognitive abilities and problem-solving skills.

How can educators support productive struggle in the classroom?

Creating a safe and supportive learning environment where students can take risks

and learn from their mistakes.

What is intellectual capacity?

The potential for learning and acquiring knowledge

According to Zaretta Hammond, what factors influence intellectual capacity?

A combination of genetic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors

Which of the following best describes the concept of cultural memory?

The collective knowledge and experiences passed down through generations

According to Zaretta Hammond, what are some of the deep roots of culture?

Language, values, and beliefs

How does understanding the deep roots of culture contribute to culturally responsive teaching?

a) It helps teachers understand the diverse backgrounds of their students

b) It allows teachers to tailor instruction to individual learning styles

c) It promotes a sense of belonging and identity in the classroom

d) All of the above

What is the main argument of Zaretta Hammond's book, "Cultural Proficiency"?

That cultural proficiency is the key to closing the achievement gap

Implicit bias refers to:

Unconscious biases that individuals hold without awareness or intention.

What is structural racialization?

The systemic and institutionalized ways in which race is used to allocate resources and opportunities

According to Zaretta Hammond, what are some examples of structural racialization in education?

a) Tracking students based on their perceived racial background

b) Using standardized tests that are biased toward certain racial groups

c) Providing more resources and opportunities to students from dominant racial groups

d) All of the above

How does structural racialization impact student learning and achievement?

It perpetuates educational inequality and limits opportunities for students of color

What is the role of educators in addressing structural racialization in education?

To acknowledge and address it through anti-bias training and culturally responsive pedagogy

What is the relationship between structural racialization and other forms of oppression, such as

classism and ableism?

They are interconnected and intersect in complex ways

According to Zaretta Hammond in chapter 3 of her book, how does culture program the brain?

Culture programs the brain through genetic and environmental factors.

Which of the following best describes the concept of "cultural capital" in Zaretta Hammond's chapter

3 on culturally responsive teaching?

The knowledge, skills, and behaviors that individuals from different cultural backgrounds

bring to the learning environment.

In Zaretta Hammond's chapter 3, what is the significance of "funds of knowledge"?

Students' knowledge and skills are from their homes and communities.

According to Zaretta Hammond's chapter 3, what strategy can teachers use to build relationships

with culturally diverse students?

Incorporating culturally relevant materials and examples into lessons.

What is the role of language in culturally responsive teaching, as discussed in Zaretta Hammond's

chapter 3?

Teachers should value and support students' home languages while promoting English

proficiency.

According to Zaretta Hammond, what are the three key components of culturally responsive

teaching?

Cultural knowledge, teaching strategies, and classroom environment

What is the difference between cultural competence and culturally responsive teaching, according to

Zaretta Hammond?

Cultural competence is a set of skills and knowledge, while culturally responsive teaching is a

pedagogical approach

What is the importance of critical self-reflection in culturally responsive teaching, according to

Zaretta Hammond?

It helps teachers recognize and challenge their own biases and assumptions

What is the term Hammond uses to describe developing the brain's capacity for learning?

Neuroplasticity

According to Hammond, what is the relationship between high expectations and student

achievement?

High expectations lead to higher achievement

What is neuroscience?

The study of the nervous system and its functions

What is neuroplasticity?

The ability of the brain to change and reorganize itself throughout life

How do neuroscience and neuroplasticity impact how the brain acquires language?

The brain is highly malleable and can reorganize itself in response to language learning.

What is culturally responsive teaching?

A teaching approach that emphasizes the cultural backgrounds of students

According to Zaretta Hammond, why is culturally responsive teaching important?

It supports the academic success of students from diverse backgrounds.

How can teachers implement culturally responsive teaching in their classrooms?

Incorporating culturally relevant materials and resources into lessons.

What role do language barriers play in the education achievement gap?

Students who are not fluent in English face challenges in understanding and participating fully

in the curriculum

According to Zaretta Hammond, culturally responsive pedagogy can help students build intellective

capacity. Intellective capacity is also referred to as:

Fluid intelligence

The four practice areas of culturally responsive teaching are:

Awareness, learning partnerships, information processing, and community building

The term cultural archetypes refers to:

Collectivism and Individualism

Three specific structures of the limbic brain help manage memories and emotions. One of them is

the Thalamus. The function of the thalamus is:

It acts as the brain’s communication dispatch hub.

Which of the three limbic brain structures is the brain’s background knowledge bank and houses the

short-term memory system?

Hippocampus

Our background information is stored in:

Long-term memory

Which of the three limbic brain structures acts as the brain’s guard dog?

Amygdala