Dr. Jones Test 1 AMH2020

Charles Crocker, Mark Hopkins, Collis Hunington, Leeland Standford

Who were the big four?

Steel railroad, standard rail gauge, air brakes, pullman palaces

Four innovations of the railroad?

From Texas to Kansas

Where did the cowboys go?

Union Pacific and central pacific

What are the two railways that united the nation?

Gave colleges land and money to make engineering, and agricultural programs

What is the Marril Act

Increased import tax

Marril Tarrif

helped black and whites, arranged labor contracts

Freedmans Bureau

Gave blacks schools, and colleges

American Missonary association

Gave 160 acres, $30, 5 years

Homestead act of 1862

Fair justice system for blacks, land, and healthcare

Homestead act of 1866

one gave supplies, one gave labor. laborer always made less money.

Share cropping

Blacks started running farms

New south

Freed blacks

13th Amendment

Gave blacks some rights, made them citizens, no representation if confederates wanted to hold office.

14th Amendment

blacks could vote

15th Amendments

filled Davis's spot in congress first black

Hiram r. Revels

First full time black man in senate

Blanche k. Bruce

South invaded north for the first time

Battle of Aniteam

ratification of the 14th amendment

What was required for some states to do in order to rejoin the union?

Mississippi, Texas, and Virgina

What states had to ratify the 14th and 15th amendment

South Carolina

Which state had more black representatives then white?

William tweed

Who was the leader of the tweed ring?

Hayes won electoral votes, Tilden won popular vote.

Who had a big conspiracy in being voted into presidency?

removed troops from south, high government positions for the south, new southern railroads. Ended reconstruction.

Compromise of 1877

The gold rush

What brought many people to the west?

Native American author told the nation what really happened.

who is Hellen Hunt Jackson?

Great Northern

Which railroad was excluded from the railroad grants from the government?

West from Ohmaha

Where did the union pacific build from?

East from sacrimento

Where did central pacific build from?

Theodore e Judah

Who owned central pacific before the big four?

Promotary Point

Where did the two railroads meet?

North Pacific, Central Pacific, Atchinson, Topeka, and Santa Fe

What were the 5 main railroads?

Great Northern and North Pacific

James J. Hill owned what railways?

Jay Gould, Jim Fisk, Daniel Drew. Bought and sold Railways.

Who were the robber Barons and what did they do?

Bought carnagies steel made it a big industry.

J.P Morgan

Made bessemer steel

Andrew Carnagie

Oil Baron, made monopolies

John D. Rockefeller

Meat packing and milling

Phillip Armor

Meat packing and milling

What was Chicago known for?

agreements to maintain prices and divide market

What are pools

stocks of company, enough that would influence decisions

what are trusts

Made the telephone

Alexander Grahm Bell

perfected the type writer

Christopher Shaells

Made electrical lights and moving pictures

Thomas Edison

post war

when did 11 million immigrants come

1880's

which decade had 5 million immigrants

1882

which year had the most immigrants

Greeks, magyors, croats, italians, and pakes

Which places were discriminated?

Wrote Ungaurded gates, wrote about the problems of the immigrants

T.B Aldrich

Labor unions

Who didn't like immigrants as a whole?

Asians stole jobs from white people. Irish and Chinese hated.

What caused the panic of the 1870s

1882 restrictive immigration law

What law restricted poor and criminal immigrants?

Chinese Exclusion Act

What stopped Chinese from coming to America

Chester Auther

Who signed the Chinese Exclusion Act?

New York

What city became the second biggest?

better wages, technology, entertainment, convenience.

Why would people leave farm life for cities?

Thomas Nast

Who took down Tweed?

ran government, ran businesses, overcharged businesses, kept profit.

What did the tweed ring do?

Reformers, and philanthropists

Who came from the poor slums

Chicago

Where was the hull house?

James adams

Who made the Hull house

Provided educational and social stability for poor people as a whole

Who was Ellen Gates

YWCA, YMCA, Salvation army, helped the poor

what groups were created to help poor?

Women's Christian Temperance Union

What is the WCTU

Hated alcohol led to prohibition

What did the woman's Christian Temperance Union do?

Went around destroying bars

Who was Carrie A Nation?

Mary Shariff

Who created the flying squadron of Jesus?

Henery Ward

Who thought poverty was a choice?

Jacob Riis

Who wrote the other how the other 1/2 lives?