DNA Virus Infections

What is Human Papillomavirus

• Naked, icosahedral viruses

• CIrcular DNA genome

• Cutaneous vs mucosal

• Plantar warts

• Genital warts

What is the epidemiology of HPV

• Young women experience highest rate of HPV infections

Transmission of HPV

• Direct contact

  • touching someone wart w/break in skin

  • Autoinoculation

• Indirect contact

  • Asymptomatic shedding

  • Fomites

  • More common for non-genital warts

Signs and symptoms of HPV

• Warts

  • outgrowth of tissue

• Mucosal warts

  • In females: occurs on the vulva and in and around the vagina

  • In males: can occur in or on the penis and the scrotum

  • Both sexes: anus and skin around groin

HPV and Cancer symptoms

• Vast majority caused by HPV

• #2 cancer-related cause of death in Women

• Males can get cancer but less common than cervical cancer

Prevention for HPV

• Condoms

• Gardasil vaccine

Prevention for Cervical cancer

• Cervical cancer is slow developing so early detection

What is a pap-smear

• Standardized screen for cervical cell changes

• Pre-cancerous changes show up very early

• remove pre-cancerous tissue

Treatment for HPV

• Warts can be removed through a variety of methods

  • freezing, tissue debridement

  • Yeast injection, Candida

  • Stimulate the inflammatory response

Causative agent of Common Cold

• over 200 different viruses

• Rhinoviruses: 99 serotypes

• Coronaviruses

• Adenoviruses

• Respiratory syncytial virus

Transmission of common cold

• Indirect contact, droplet contact

• Direct contact

Symptoms of common cold

• Sneezing

• Scratchy throat

• Runny nose

• Fever in children

• Worsened by immune response

What is adenoviridae

• 100 serotypes infect humans

• large, DNA genome

• Naked, icosahedral

• Some attach to MHC-I molecules

• Up to 9 day incubation period

What is the polyomaviridae

• Small

• Naked DNA

• Spread in urine, feces, aerosols

• Enter through respiratory tract

What is PML

• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

• Both cognitive and gross motor disruptions

• Patients with immune dysfunction, especially those with AIDS

• Uncommon, but generally fatal 90% in 1-4 months

What is Herpesviridae

• Enveloped, icosahedral, tegument

• Large DNA genome

• Replicates with viral DNA polymerase

• Ubiquitous, probably 100% of population harbors some sort of herpesvirus

What is family Herpesviridae

• Chicken pox

• Mono

• HSV 1

• HSV 2

• Cytomegalovirus

What is the herpesvirus lifestyle

• Enters host at mucous membranes

• Replicates, forms blisters

• Infects nerves/immune cells

• Enter latency and then reactivates

What are the presentation for herpes simplex

• May have no symptoms

• Could be through single or multiple vesicles

• Very painful

Symptoms of Herpes simplex

• Apperance of lesions

• Malalise

• Anorexia

• Fever

• Bilateral swelling and tenderness in the groin

Signs of herpes

• Initial recovery

  • establishes latency

• may have recurrent episodes

• Generally less severe

• Average is 4-5 years

Herpes kaeratitis

• Invasion of deeper eye tissues

• Blindless can result

Transmission and epidemiology for Herpes Keratitis

• Misdirected reactivation of HSV-1/2

• Sexual encounter, autoinoculation,materr affection

What is the culture and diagnosis for herpes keratitis

• Clinical diagnosis

• Viral culture or PCR

Treatment for herpes keratitis

• Trifluridine

• Acyclovir or both

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