Chapter 7 Open Stax Chemistry

ionic bond

electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

covalent bond

a bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

pure covalent bond

two identical nonmetals sharing electrons equally. It is nonpolar.

i.e.: Cl₂

polar covalent bond

a covalent bond between atoms with different electronegativity (differnce ~ 0.5 - 1.8)

electronegativity

the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself

Lewis symbol

Consists of the element''s chemical symbol and a dot for each valence electron

Lewis structure

diagram showing lone pairs and bonding pairs of electrons in a molecule or ion

octet rule

Atoms bond in order to obtain a total of 8 valence electrons

single bond

a covalent bond in which one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms.

double bond

covalent bond formed by the sharing of two pairs of electrons between two atoms

triple bond

a covalent bond in which two atoms share three pairs of electrons

VSEPR Theory

This predicts molecule's 3D shape based on Lewis Dot Structures.

electron-pair geometry

arrangement around a central atom of all regions of electron density ( this includes bonds and lone pairs)

molecular structure

the 3D arrangement of atoms in a molecule

dipole moment

a molecule that has a center of positive charge and a center of negative charge

molecular polarity

molecule with a dipole moment