SPID 1.3 - Learning Approach to Personality

What are the basics of learning theory?

Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning

How is personality linked to learning theory?

Result of a response to an experience
Can explain maladaptive parts of personality
Learnt so can also be unlearnt

What is Bnadura's model of reciprocal causation?

Develops occurs through an interaction between inner stimuli, external environment and the way an individual reacts to these two factors

Personal - environmental - behavioural - personal

What are the three r types of agency that Bandura proposed?

Personal - one can change things to make them better for self and others
Proxy - others helping you to change things about your life
Collective - group of people working together to change things fore the benefit of all (Eg environmental campaigners)

What 3 factors determines likelihood to copy?

Characteristics of the model - similarity, complexity of beh, type of beh
Attributes of observer - low confidence, used to rewards, dependent
Consequences of copying the behaviour - more likely if positive results

How does personality deserves through social leaning theory?

Role models provide children with experiences where they can earn through observation
Child experiences different situations which shapes them
Goals and feedback are central to the process and motivation levels
Internal self regulatory processes are central to achieving goals

What are the three structures of internal self-regulatory processes?

Self monitoring - evaluating performance
Self-diagnostic - identifying patterns and emotions across situations
Self motivation - setting step like goals

What is bandura's theory of self efficacy?

Confidence in your own ability
Affects everything we do eg choices we make and thought patterns
More likely to set more challenging goals for themselves
Increases likelihood of achieving success
Failure has different explanations dependent on level: low to low ability, high to low effort

How did Paciello study self efficacy in uni students?

Emotional self efficacy
Social self-efficacy
Self regulated learning self efficacy
Found different clusters - cluster 2 of high self efficacy had highest wellbeing and cluster 2 of low self efficacy had lowest

How can self efficacy be changed?

Encouragement and support - if performance quality is the issue then self monitoring processing needs to be evaluated
Vicarious experience - if observed person has similar levels of
Participant modelling - imitating behaviour increases

What is rotter's idea of behaviour potential?

Reinforcement value x expectancy

Reinforcement value = preferences for the different possible reinforcements that occur as a rule of the behaviour

How did Furnham and Chong study predictors of LOC in adolescence?

Used family socia background, childhood intelligence, personality traits, behavioural problems, self esteem at 10 and loc at 16

How does an internal loc predict behaviour?

More in control
Higher expectations of themselves and higher confidence
More likely to feel like they can change things
Cope better with physical illness
Tend to perform better academically

How does an external loc predict behaviour?

Often feel powerless
Dependent on others
Correlated with high levels of anxiety and other mental health issues
More likely to be passive patients in illness recovery

What are internal loc like in association with environmental behaviours according to peyton and miller?

Social reform and positive attempts to control environment
Use information more effectively
Reduce the spread of biased info
Skills rather than opportunities affect outcomes

How did Chiang test the internal loc to produce a model?

Emotional stability - internal loc - proenvironmental behaviours

How did Levenson theorise LOC as a multidimensional construct?

Internal
External-chance
External-powerful others
Paranoia score higher on P, depression higher on C
Alcoholism correlated stronger with C

How did Brosschot study IPC LOC model and psychopathological symptoms: internal loc?

Internal loc related to all but agoraphobia and sensitivity
Links to low anxiety, depression, neuroticism, hostility, sleeping problems and somatizartion

How did Brosschot study IPC LOC model and psychopathological symptoms: powerful others loc?

Powerful others relayed to high sensitivity, neuroticism, depression and trait anxiety and reflects link between external loc and negative factors

How did Brosschot study IPC LOC model and psychopathological symptoms: chance loc?

Chance related to agoraphobia, depression, sensitivity, sleeping, neuroticism, trait anxiety and reflects link between external loc and negative factors

How can we compare Brosschot's externals?

P and C related to negative factors
C related to more
High in chance leads to worse outcomes

What is an overall evaluation of learning theory>

• describes personality and related behaviours

• mostly empirically tested

• can be applied to clinical

• element of determinism with no free will

• ignores inner mental processes like emotions

• ignores genetics

HOWEVER, some acceptance of internal processes with some models