Chemistry Lecture on Atoms and Bonds

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on atoms, bonds, and electronegativity in chemistry.

What are the six main atoms important for living organisms?

Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur.

What is the definition of electronegativity?

The measure of an atom's attraction for electrons.

What are the three types of chemical bonds?

Covalent bonds, Ionic bonds, and Hydrogen bonds.

What is a covalent bond?

A bond that occurs between two nonmetals where electrons are shared.

What is an ionic bond?

A bond formed between a metal and a nonmetal where electrons are transferred.

What do you call the outermost shell of an atom?

The valence shell.

How many electrons can the first, second, third, and fourth shells hold?

First shell: 2, Second shell: 8, Third shell: 18.

What is the octet rule?

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to have eight electrons in their valence shell.

What is a hydrogen bond?

An attractive force between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom.

What are noble gases?

Elements that have a full valence shell, making them stable and unreactive.

What is a molecule?

A molecule is made up of two of the same atom.

What is a compound?

A compound consists of two different types of atoms.

What is the strongest type of bond in biology?

Covalent bonds because they involve sharing electrons.

What does the term 'lone pairs' refer to?

Electrons in an atom that are not involved in bonding.

What is a partial charge?

A charge that occurs when electron sharing in a bond is unequal.

What is a common example of a single covalent bond?

A bond between two hydrogen atoms (H2).

How does water exhibit both cohesive and adhesive properties?

Water molecules are attracted to each other (cohesion) and to other substances (adhesion).