Physics

Displacement formula

½ (Vi + Vf) Δt = Δx

Displacement formula (w/ springs)

Lf - Li = Δx

Acceleration formula

Vf - Vi / Δt = a

Net Force formula

am = FNet

Universal Gravitational Constant

9.8 N/kg

Force Gravity formula

g (ma x mb / r²) = Fg

Centripetal Force fromula

m x v² / r = Fc

Eccentricity formula

c/d = e

Major axis formulas

L1 - L2 = d or 2a = d

Kepler’s 3rd law formula

T² = a³

Momentum formula

m x v = P

Delta momentum formulas

Pf - Pi = ΔP or m(vf - vi) or Fa

Impulse formula

[m (vf - vi) / Δt] Δt

Elastic collision formula

(ma x Vai) + (mb x Vbi) = (ma x Vaf) + (mb x Vbf)

Inelastic collisions formula

(ma x Vai) + (mb x Vbi) = (ma + mb) Vf

Explosive collision formula

(ma + mb) = (ma x Vaf) + (mb x Vbf)

Work formula

F (parallel) x Δx = W

Force parallel formula

ma = F (parallel)

Kinetic force formula

½ m v² = Kf/e

Internal/thermal energy

Ff Δx = ΔI

Gravitational energy formula

mgh = Ug

Spring/elastic energy formulas

-k Δx = Us or ½ m Δx²

Average spring constant formula

½ Fs Δx

Mechanical energy formula

K + Ug + Us = ME

Power formula

W/Δt = P

Velocity (V) definition

Speed with direction

Acceleration (A) definition

Change in velocity over time

Force (F_) definition

An interaction between two objects

Mass (M) definition

The amount of matter in an object

Net Force (Fnet) definition

Total Force on an object

Centripetal Force (Fc) definition

The net force towards the center of a circular path (Fnet can be force friction, wall, spring, ect.)

Aphelion definition

The point where a planet is furthest from the sun

Perihelion definition

The point where a planet is closest from the sun

Major axis (d) definition

The largest distance between opposite points on an ellipsis

Semi-major axis (a) definition

Half of the major axis length

Foci (focal) distance (c) definition

Distance between focal points in an ellipsis

Eccentricity (e) definition

A measure of how elliptical an orbit is (0 is a perfect circle)

Momentum (p) definition

A vector quantity equivalent to the mass of an object multiplied by it’s velocity

Vector definition

Has directionality

Impulse (Δp) definition

The change in momentum of an object

Elastic collision definition

Objects start separate and ends separate ; Kinetic energy is conserved

Inelastic collision definition

Objects start separate and end together ; kinetic energy decreases

Explosion collision definition

Objects start together and end together ; kinetic energy increases

Kinetic energy (Ke) definition

The energy of motion

Gravitational energy (Ug) definition

Energy stored between earth and another object

Elastic/Spring energy (Us) definition

The energy stored in a spring or an elastic object

Internal/Thermal energy (I) definition

The energy transferred due to friction or collision

Work (W) definition

The transfer of energy in or out of a system

Spring constant (k) definition

The strength of a spring (can not be changed)

Mechanical energy (Me) definition

The total of all kinetic and all potential energies

Power (P) definition

The rate at which energy is transferred over time

Newton’s 1st law

If all forces on an object are balanced it will have a constant velocity. If they are unbalanced it will change velocity (accelerate).

Newton’s 2nd law

the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net (total) force acting in it divided by it’s mass.

Newton’s 3rd law

If object a is exerting a force on object b then object b is exerting a simultaneous force in object a with and equal magnitude and opposite direction.

Kepler’s 1st law

The orbit of a planet follows and ellipse with these sun at one focal point

Kepler’s 2nd law

The sun-planet line sweeps out equal area in equal time because the velocity of a planet is slower the farther it is from the sun

Kepler’s 3rd law

The average distance between Sol (our sun) is 91.5 million miles or 1 astronomical unit (AU)

Hooke’s law

The spring constant (k) is an unchangeable property if a spring that designates its strength- the higher the spring constant the stronger the spring.