APES Summative 1

Earth’s formation

-4.6 billion yrs ago

-during supernova: gas debris+ heavy elements + high temps

-after cooling formed solid crust

atmosphere

the mixture of gases above the Earth's crust

geosphere

the Earth's interior, rocks, minerals, and landforms

lithosphere

the upper mantle and the crust

crust

-rigid, brittle, strong

-cracked tectonic plates

- light silicon-rich rocks

upper mantle

-partially molten

-plastic like + temp gradients = convection currents = plate movement

-silicon-metal compounds

lower mantle

-molten magnesium, silicon, oxygen

-solid

outer core

-molten iron, nickel, lighter elements

inner core

solid iron and nickel

layers of the earth density and temp?

density and temp increase going inwards