PRELIM

as low as reasonably achievable

radiation protection standard “ALARA”

anterior posterior

the central ray entering the pt’s anterior & exiting posterior surface

posterior anterior

posterior & exiting pt’s anterior surface

central ray

center or MIDPOINT of the xray beam

crookes tube

partially evacuated glass tube

emotional

subject to or involving emotions

genetic effect

whose ancestors were irradiated. T hose that are manifested in persond born of people who were actually irradiated. They might not show for several generation

kinesthetic learners

learn through doing and touching

somatic effects

occurs to person who received the radiation. The types of cells that receive the radiation will help determine the tyoe of effect that manifest itself

stress

physical, mental, or enotional strain or tension

whole body

includes the trunks. arms above the elbows, and legs above the knss. Used for uposes of radiation exposure doses

occupational-5 rem/50mSv

general public-0.5 rem/5mSv

intraining-.01 rem/1 mSv

pregnant worker- 0.5 rem/5mSv

(in any given month)- .05 rem/0.5 mSv

effective dose limits

Time

refers to the time in the radiography while the beam is irradiated ““beam on time“

collimation

reduces scatter, increase contrast and provides a more quality image that one that has the collimation open to the size of the image receptor

The patient is standing upright, facing forward with arms fully extended and palms forward

anatomic positon

Supine

patient is lying face up

prone

patient lying face down

recumbent

pt lying face u, face down, or in any position

decubitus

pt is lying in any position, CR is horizontal

AP

CR enetrs patients anterior and exits the patients posterior

upright or erect

patient is standing or sitting

PA

CR enters the patients posterior and exite pts at anterior

right lateral

pts right side is closest to the IR

left lateral

patients left side is closest tothe IR

Right Anterior Oblique

patient is rotated toward the right side closest to IR

Left Anterior Oblique

patient is semiprone or rotated with the patients left sidde

Right posterior oblique

patient is semiprone or rotated wuth the patients right posterior side

left posterior obliqe

patient is semiprone or rotated wuth the patients left posterior side

dorsal decubitus

patient is lyin gon his or her back, CR is horizontalV

Ventral decubitus

patient is lying face down, CR is horizontal

RIght lateral decubitus

patient is lying on his or her right side

left lateral decubitus

patient is lying on his or her left side

adhere

to stay fixed or firm

bias

inclination or temperament based on personal judgment

bioethics

moral issues dealing with th ethical issues of human life

common law

decision and opinions of courts that are based on local customs

comtinuing education

professional education received following completion

defaming

to attack or injure a persons reputation

unethical

comforming to the standards of conduct od a given profession or group

holistic

the view that an organic or integrated whole has a reality

immobilzation device

piece of equipment that ensures restricting patient movement

in -service

training given to employees in connection with their work

liability

something tha a person is obligated to do

malpractice

professional negligence that is the cause of injury

mentor

teacher, coaach, or advisor

practitioner

any individual practicing in a specific area or discipline

preceptor

a teacher; directs action or conduct of another individual

profession

calling that requires specialized knowledge and intensive academic preparation

clinical perfromance standard

define the activities of the individual responsible for the care of patients and delivery or diagnostic procedures

Ethics

a set of moral principles that govern one’s course of action

Moral principles

set of standards that establish what is right or good

bioethics

branch of ethics that was established because of the advanced technical methods of prolonging life

utilitarianism / consequentialism

advocates that action are morally correct pr right when LARGEST NUMBER OF PERSONS BENEFITED

Rule of ethics

mandatory standards of minimally acceptable professional conduct

Doentology

rules must be followed at all times

Virtue

philosophical belief that focuses on using wisdom than emotional and intellectual problem

Rule of ethics

mandatory standards of minimally acceptable professional conduct

autonomy

right of all persons to make rational decisions free from external pressure

beneficence

all acts must be meant to attain a good resu

confidentiality

concept of privacy

double effect

some actions mayproduce both a good and bad effect

fidelity

duty to fulfill one’s commitment

justice

all person being treated equally

nonmaleficence

duty to abstarmain from inflicting h

paternalism

making decisions without consulting the person affected

sanctity of life

belief that life is the highest good

veracity

honesty in all aspects of one’s professional life

respect for property

keeping the pt’s belonging safe

• scope of practice

• clinical performance

• quality performance standards

• professional performance standards

four sections of standards

bill of rights

these rights can be exercised on the patients behalf by a designated surrogate or proxy decision

• High-quality hospital care

• a clean and saf environment

• protection of your privacy

• preparing you and your family for when you leave the hospital

• help with your bill and filing insurance claims.

what to expect during hospital stay

consent

a contract wherein the patient voluntarily gives permission to someone

implied consent

form of consent that is inferred by the patients action; or in the case of unconscious patient

simple consent

matter of obtaining patients permission to perform procedure

expressed consent

clearly stated, although it does not have to be written. This may prove to be problematic if the patient denies that consent was given

informed consent

obtained after the patient has a clear understanding of what is being consenting to

inadequate/ignorant consent

this occurs when the patient has not been informed adequately

malpractice

a wrongful act by a professional that injures a patient

voluntary consent

valid consent must be freely given, withouth coercion

incompetent patient

individual who is not autonomus

informed subject

should be in writing'; it should contain explanation of procedure and its risk and description if benefits and alternative

patient able to comprehend

information must be written and delivered in language understandable

medicaid

federally funde and state-administered program

advance directives

directions given by a person while in a healthy mental state

adverse effect

unfavorable happening

aggravating or alleviating effect

which makes a problem worse or better

analyzing

to break down into parts for study

anticipatory grieving

moourning death or loss before the event occurs

anxiety

troubled state of mind

assessment

evaluation of a patient

associated manifestation

what else occurs during an episode

attitudes

manner of feeling or thinking

auditory

must be heard

basic needs

needs one cannot live without

belief

cartainty or confidence in the trustworthiness of another

biases

prejudices

body image

how one imagines one self to appear

chronology

arrangement of events in time

clinical portion

instruction and learning in institution