PRELIM

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1

as low as reasonably achievable

radiation protection standard “ALARA”

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anterior posterior

the central ray entering the pt’s anterior & exiting posterior surface

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posterior anterior

posterior & exiting pt’s anterior surface

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central ray

center or MIDPOINT of the xray beam

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crookes tube

partially evacuated glass tube

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emotional

subject to or involving emotions

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genetic effect

whose ancestors were irradiated. T hose that are manifested in persond born of people who were actually irradiated. They might not show for several generation

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kinesthetic learners

learn through doing and touching

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9

somatic effects

occurs to person who received the radiation. The types of cells that receive the radiation will help determine the tyoe of effect that manifest itself

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10

stress

physical, mental, or enotional strain or tension

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11

whole body

includes the trunks. arms above the elbows, and legs above the knss. Used for uposes of radiation exposure doses

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12

occupational-5 rem/50mSv

general public-0.5 rem/5mSv

intraining-.01 rem/1 mSv

pregnant worker- 0.5 rem/5mSv

(in any given month)- .05 rem/0.5 mSv

effective dose limits

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13

Time

refers to the time in the radiography while the beam is irradiated ““beam on time“

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collimation

reduces scatter, increase contrast and provides a more quality image that one that has the collimation open to the size of the image receptor

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15

The patient is standing upright, facing forward with arms fully extended and palms forward

anatomic positon

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Supine

patient is lying face up

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prone

patient lying face down

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recumbent

pt lying face u, face down, or in any position

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decubitus

pt is lying in any position, CR is horizontal

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AP

CR enetrs patients anterior and exits the patients posterior

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upright or erect

patient is standing or sitting

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PA

CR enters the patients posterior and exite pts at anterior

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right lateral

pts right side is closest to the IR

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left lateral

patients left side is closest tothe IR

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Right Anterior Oblique

patient is rotated toward the right side closest to IR

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Left Anterior Oblique

patient is semiprone or rotated with the patients left sidde

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Right posterior oblique

patient is semiprone or rotated wuth the patients right posterior side

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left posterior obliqe

patient is semiprone or rotated wuth the patients left posterior side

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dorsal decubitus

patient is lyin gon his or her back, CR is horizontalV

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Ventral decubitus

patient is lying face down, CR is horizontal

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RIght lateral decubitus

patient is lying on his or her right side

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left lateral decubitus

patient is lying on his or her left side

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adhere

to stay fixed or firm

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34

bias

inclination or temperament based on personal judgment

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bioethics

moral issues dealing with th ethical issues of human life

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common law

decision and opinions of courts that are based on local customs

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comtinuing education

professional education received following completion

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defaming

to attack or injure a persons reputation

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unethical

comforming to the standards of conduct od a given profession or group

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holistic

the view that an organic or integrated whole has a reality

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41

immobilzation device

piece of equipment that ensures restricting patient movement

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in -service

training given to employees in connection with their work

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liability

something tha a person is obligated to do

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malpractice

professional negligence that is the cause of injury

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mentor

teacher, coaach, or advisor

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practitioner

any individual practicing in a specific area or discipline

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preceptor

a teacher; directs action or conduct of another individual

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profession

calling that requires specialized knowledge and intensive academic preparation

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clinical perfromance standard

define the activities of the individual responsible for the care of patients and delivery or diagnostic procedures

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Ethics

a set of moral principles that govern one’s course of action

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Moral principles

set of standards that establish what is right or good

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bioethics

branch of ethics that was established because of the advanced technical methods of prolonging life

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utilitarianism / consequentialism

advocates that action are morally correct pr right when LARGEST NUMBER OF PERSONS BENEFITED

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Rule of ethics

mandatory standards of minimally acceptable professional conduct

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Doentology

rules must be followed at all times

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Virtue

philosophical belief that focuses on using wisdom than emotional and intellectual problem

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Rule of ethics

mandatory standards of minimally acceptable professional conduct

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autonomy

right of all persons to make rational decisions free from external pressure

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beneficence

all acts must be meant to attain a good resu

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confidentiality

concept of privacy

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double effect

some actions mayproduce both a good and bad effect

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fidelity

duty to fulfill one’s commitment

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justice

all person being treated equally

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nonmaleficence

duty to abstarmain from inflicting h

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paternalism

making decisions without consulting the person affected

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sanctity of life

belief that life is the highest good

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veracity

honesty in all aspects of one’s professional life

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respect for property

keeping the pt’s belonging safe

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  • scope of practice

  • clinical performance

  • quality performance standards

  • professional performance standards

four sections of standards

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bill of rights

these rights can be exercised on the patients behalf by a designated surrogate or proxy decision

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  • High-quality hospital care

  • a clean and saf environment

  • protection of your privacy

  • preparing you and your family for when you leave the hospital

  • help with your bill and filing insurance claims.

what to expect during hospital stay

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consent

a contract wherein the patient voluntarily gives permission to someone

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implied consent

form of consent that is inferred by the patients action; or in the case of unconscious patient

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simple consent

matter of obtaining patients permission to perform procedure

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expressed consent

clearly stated, although it does not have to be written. This may prove to be problematic if the patient denies that consent was given

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informed consent

obtained after the patient has a clear understanding of what is being consenting to

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inadequate/ignorant consent

this occurs when the patient has not been informed adequately

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malpractice

a wrongful act by a professional that injures a patient

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voluntary consent

valid consent must be freely given, withouth coercion

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incompetent patient

individual who is not autonomus

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informed subject

should be in writing'; it should contain explanation of procedure and its risk and description if benefits and alternative

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patient able to comprehend

information must be written and delivered in language understandable

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medicaid

federally funde and state-administered program

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advance directives

directions given by a person while in a healthy mental state

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adverse effect

unfavorable happening

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87

aggravating or alleviating effect

which makes a problem worse or better

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analyzing

to break down into parts for study

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anticipatory grieving

moourning death or loss before the event occurs

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anxiety

troubled state of mind

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91

assessment

evaluation of a patient

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92

associated manifestation

what else occurs during an episode

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93

attitudes

manner of feeling or thinking

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auditory

must be heard

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basic needs

needs one cannot live without

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belief

cartainty or confidence in the trustworthiness of another

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97

biases

prejudices

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body image

how one imagines one self to appear

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chronology

arrangement of events in time

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clinical portion

instruction and learning in institution

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