Marxism, Modernization, and Dependency Theory

These flashcards cover key concepts related to Marxism, capitalism, environmental issues, and theories of dependency in international relations.

Marxism

A socio-economic theory that emphasizes the role of class struggle in societal organization and development, critiquing global capitalism.

Bourgeoisie

The capitalist class who owns the means of production, contrasted with the proletariat.

Proletariat

The working class who do not own the means of production and must sell their labor.

Hegelian Influence

The philosophical belief that history unfolds through contradictions and the increasing rationality and self-awareness of society, influential to Marx.

Modes of Production

The varied ways in which societies organize economic activities, which evolve and can collapse due to internal contradictions.

Communism

The final mode of production in Marxist theory, characterized by the absence of class contradictions, where property is communally owned.

Capitalism

An economic system driven by profit, which relies on finding new markets, reducing labor costs, and increasing prices.

Environmental Conflict

Disputes arising from resource scarcity and degradation, often exacerbated by unequal power dynamics and political neglect.

Dependency Theory

An approach that combines aspects of realism and liberalism, positing that powerful economies create dependence in weaker states through economic relationships.

Gender Representation in Politics

The systemic underrepresentation of women in political systems, influenced by historical gender roles and societal norms.