Central Nervous System (CNS) Overview

A set of flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to the Central Nervous System and its structure, function, disorders, and diagnostic methods.

Meninges

Three protective membranes (dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater) that cover the brain and spinal cord.

Dura Mater

The outermost, tough layer of the meninges, which consists of two layers of fibrous connective tissue.

Arachnoid Mater

The middle layer of the meninges, characterized by a web-like structure and containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Pia Mater

The innermost layer of the meninges, closely adhering to the surface of the brain and containing many tiny blood vessels.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

A clear fluid that cushions the brain and spinal cord, providing buoyancy and protection.

Blood-Brain Barrier

A selective barrier that prevents certain substances from entering the brain from the bloodstream, helping to maintain a stable chemical environment.

Hydrocephalus

A condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain, often leading to increased intracranial pressure.

Meningitis

Inflammation of the meninges, which can lead to cerebral inflammation (encephalitis) if it spreads to the CNS.

Decussation

The crossing of nerve fibers from one side of the CNS to the other; significant in neurological pathways.

Neuronal Pathways

Networks of interconnected neurons that facilitate communication between different parts of the nervous system.

Alzheimer's Disease

A progressive neurodegenerative condition leading to memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes due to brain cell death.

Parkinson's Disease

A degenerative disorder affecting movement control, resulting from the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra.

Spinal cord

A major component of the central nervous system that transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

An injury to the brain resulting from external mechanical forces, which can lead to temporary or permanent impairment of cognitive and physical function.

Cerebral Palsy

A group of neurological disorders affecting movement and muscle tone, often caused by damage to the developing brain.

CT, MRI, PET

Diagnostic imaging techniques used to visualize the brain, assess functions, and identify abnormalities or lesions.