key content

Purpose of anti Jewish laws, 1933-1939

To isolated news socially, economically and politically from german society

Success and failures of anti Jewish laws

• Normalized anti Semitic in daily life and prepare the public for harsher measures

• Jews still found ways to survive through emigration and underground networks

Purpose of Nuremberg laws, September 15 1935

to legally enforce racial separation and discriminate against Jews and other minorities

success and failures of Nuremberg laws

• institutionalised racial discrimination, stripping Jews of their citizenship, prohibiting intermarriage and segregating public spaces

• Caused widespread persecution and led to exclusion of Jews from economic, cultural and social life

nuremberg laws stats

by 1939, roughly 500,000 Jews were affected by these laws and discrimination because of how systematic it was

Purpose of night of broken glass, 9-10 November 1938

to intensify violence and pressure Jews to leave germany

success and failures of night of broken glass

• destroyed over 1,000 synagogues, arrested 30,000 Jews and accelerated Jewish emigration

• International condemnation, some Germans disapproved of the violence

Night of broken glass stats

91 Jews murdered

Purpose of ghettoisation, 1939-1941

to confine Jews into segregated eras under horrific conditions

success and failures of ghettoisation

• ghettos like Warsaw and Łódź controlled Jewish populations and prepared for the final solution

• Ghettos were overcrowded and disease ridden, occasional uprisings

ghettoisattion stats

warsaw ghetto had over 400,000 people

purpose of Einsatzgruppen, 1941-1942

moble killing squads to mass murder Jews, political opponents, and ruins of invasion of USSR

success and failures of einsatzgruppen

• mass killings of over 1 million Wes in Eastern Europe was rapid extermination

• Phsycological toll on the shooters, local resistance in some areas

einsatzgruppen stats

over 1.5 million Jews killed by the einsatzgruppen alone

purpose of the Wannsee conference, January 1942

to coordinate the final solution, systematic extermination of all European jews

success and failures of the Wannsee conference

• bureaucratic organisation of genocide across occupied Europe

• Some administrative ineffficeicnes, resistance movements formed later

wannsee conference stats

Had the aim of exterminating 11 million Jews across Europe

purpose of deportations to death camps

to transport and other victims to extermination centres for mass killings

success and failures of deportations to death camps

• efficenct mass murder via railway system

• Some escapes from trains

deportations to death camps stats

1.1 million Jews deported to Auschwitz alone

purpose of operation Reinhard, 1942-1943

to murder Jews of the vernal government in occupied Poland in extermination camps

success and failures of operation reinhard

• Treblinka, Sobibor and Belsen killed 1.7 million Jews efficiently

• Survivor uprisings in Sobibor and Treblinka revealed vulnerabilities

purpose of death camps, Auschwitz, Treblinka, Sobibor, mazdaneck

to industrialise mass murder with gas chambers

success and failures of death camps

• murdered millions rapidly with the final solution fully operational

• Camps required secrecy, some prisoners managed to escape and report atrocities

purpose of Jewish resistance

to resist nazi extermination plans through uprisings, sabotage and armed revolt

success And failures of Jewish resistance

• Warsaw ghetto uprising (1943), Sobibor camp revolt and partisan groups slowed nazi efforts

• They were massively outgunned, most resistance was crushed brutally

jewish resistance stats

in Warsaw ghetto, 750 righters resisted for almost a month

purpose of liberation camps, 1944-1945

to free surviving prisoners and expose nazi crimes

success and failures of liberation camps

• survivors rescued, nazi atrocities documented for Nuremberg trials

• Most Jews already murdered by the times the allies arrivers

liberation of camps stats

only 60,000 pioneers found alive at auschwitz

purpose of Nuremberg trials, 1945-946

to prosecute major nazi war criminals for crimes against humanity

success and failures of Nuremberg trials

• international precedent for prosecuting genocide

• Some nazi fled justice

Nuremberg trials stats

12 major war criminals were sentenced to death and others imprisoned

Purpose of operation T4, 1939-1941

to eliminate people deemed unworthy of life, including the disabled, mentally ill and chronically ill

success and failures of operation T4

• created methods for mass killings through gas chambers later used in death camps, reduced care costs during war time

• Public backlash especially from churches, forced nazis to officially halt the programme in 1941 but killings continued secretly

operation T4 stats

around 70,000-100,000 people murdered under T4, later extended unofficiallyy