Families for Exam 3

Caryophyllaceae

Inflorescence a cyme. Leaves are opposite, simple with swollen nodes. 5-merous. Anthers are in 2 whorls. Capsule fruit. Corolla is often lobed.

CA 5,(5) CO 5 A 5,10 G (2-5)

Amaranthaceae

Often halophytes or weeds. Flowers are often congested and bracted. Lacking Corolla. Fruit is an Utricle. Secret salt. Calyx persists around the fruit.

CA 5 CO 0 A 5 G (2-3)

Cactaceae

Fleshy, succulent, often epiphytes. No leaves, and have spines in areoles. Flowers have hypanthium. Epigynous flower. Fruit is a berry and parietal placentation.

P ~ A ~ G (4)

Polygonaceae

Herbs in wet or arid regions. Swollen leaf nodes. Alternate, simple leaves. Modified ocrea stipules. Flowers are congested. 3-merous. One seeded, three-angled achene. Used in horticulture.

P 3+3 A 3X G 3

Ericaceae

Often found in poor nutrient soils. Haustoria for root to fungus connection. They are mycotrophs (lack chlorophyll). Often have revolute leaf margins. Buzz pollination and fused corolla. Terminal pores for pollen.

CA 4-5 CO 4-5 A 8,10 P (4-5)

Sarraceniaceae

Insectivorous family. 5-merous flower, unusual peltate stigma, ensuring outcrossing from bees.

CA 5 CO 5 A ~ G 5

Caprifoliaceae

Shrubs or vines. Flower is 5-merous, long styled and bell shaped. Very zygomorphic. Leaves are opposite. Fruit is a berry, inferior ovary.

Apiaceae

Herbs with hollow stems. Compound leaves that are strongly sheathing. Form umbels where females flower is on edge of floret. Fruit is a schizocarp. Hypanthium present.

CA 5 CO 5 A 5 G (2)

Apocynaceae

World wide family of trees, milky latex commonly poisonous. Opposite leaves. Left contorted perianth. Pollen placentation. Seeds have tufts of hairs. Pollinia and gynoestegium.

CA 5 CO 5 A 5 G 2

Rubiaceae

Often whorled opposite leaves with inter-petiolar stipules. 4-merous flowers. Only epigynous family. Clustered flowers. Heads of flowers called pseudanthia. 2-seeded drupe.

CA (4-5) CO (4-5) A 4-5) G(2)

Solanaceae

nasty compounds. Alternate leaves. Cymes or dichasium. 5-merous. Axile placentation. Fruit is a berry. Buzz pollination. Calyx is often present in fruit.

CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G (2)

Convolvulaceae

Largely tropical. Flowers often funnelform with plicate corolla. Twine from parasitism. Caylx often unfused

CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G 2

Oleaceae

Cosmopolitan family with opposite leaved trees and shrubs. Compound leaves and diamond shaped bark. 4-merous flowers and 2 Stamen.

CA (4) CO 4 or 0 A 2 G 2

Lamiaceae

Mediterranean climate. Square steamed with opposite leaves. Aromatic, Flowers congested in verticels and terminal heads. Flowers are bilabiate. Fruits are 4 nutlets. Gynobasic.

Boraginaceae

Typically hairy plants, scirpoid cyme. Gynobasic style. Fruit is 4-nutlet. 5-merous. with Long styles.

CA 5 CO 5 A 5 G2

Cornaceae

Opposite simple leaves, arcuate venation. 4-merous flowers with separate petals. surrounded by showy bracts. Have a flower head or pseudanthium. Fruit is a drupe. Low to ground.

CA 4 CO 4 A 4 G(2)

Verbenaceae

Square stems, opposite, serrate leaves. Flowers not lipped. 1-2 seeded drupe not gynobasic. Corolla and androecium fused.

CA 5 CO 5 A 4 G2

Scrophulariaceae

Alternate or opposite leaved. Round or squarish stems. Terminal style, many seeds, capsules. Includes some hemiparasite species.

CA (4-5) CO (2+3) A 2+2 G 2

Lentibulariaceae

Insectivorous herbs of wetlands. Trap door of the bladderworts. Sticky fly-paper leaves

Acoraceae

Aquatic plants. Inflorescence is a spathe and spadix. Flowers are bisexual. Lots of small flowers. Etheral oils.

Araceae (aroid)

Epiphytes, herbs, aquatic. Ca-oxalate. Spathe and spadix. Foetid smelling spathe for Carrion flies pollination. Heats itself up to attract them. No caylx or corolla.

CA 0 CO 0 A 6- G (2-3)

Alismataceae (water plantain)

Aquatic or wetland family. Leaves long petioled, sagittate-shaped leaves. Tubers starchy. Calyx green, corolla white. Apocarpic in head or ring. Achenes.

CA 3 CO 3 A 6-~ G 6-~

Potamogetonaceae (pond weed)

Aquatic plants. Dimorphic leaves. Perianth is 4 clawed segments. Gynoecium typically 4 free. Fruit is drupe

CA 0,4 CO 0 A 4 G 4

Hydrochartiaceae

Various forms of water pollination present. Male flowers in clusters and females flower single. Pollen water boat. Flower retracts and form fruit under water.

Liliaceae

Bulbed or rhizomatous perennials. Leaves without petioles, stemmed or basal. Flower is often spotted. Capsule or berry

CA 3 CO 3 A 6 G 3

Asparagaceae

3-merous flower. Inferior ovary. Herbs to “trees”

Amaryllidaceae

3-merous flowers, inferior ovary, corona(staminal)

Orchidaceae

Mainly tropical. Mycotrophic lilioids, All have protocorm. Half of the species are epiphytes. CAM Photosynthesis, velamen, leaf tubers to survive in harsh enviornments. Labellum petal for pollinator landing. Reduced stamen.

Iridaceae