CH 19: The Kidneys (Pearson +)

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

a. to filter blood and produce urine

b. to regulate body temperature

c. to produce hormones

d. to store nutrients

to filter blood and produce urine

What is the first step in examining a urine sample?

a. determine its color

b. check its pH level

c. test for glucose

d. measure its temperature

determine its color

What does dark yellow urine indicawte

a. presence of proteins

b. presence of blood

c. concentrated urine

d. dilute urine

concentrated urine

What historical method was used to diagnose diabetes mellitus

a. smell test for fruity odor

b. clariy test for frothy urine

c. color test for dark urine

d. taste test for sweet urine

taste test for sweet urine

what does the presence of froth in urine indicate?

a. presence of blood

b. high concentration of salts

c. abnormal presence of proteins

d. presence of glucose

abnormal presence of proteins

What is the anatomical path of a drop of water from bowman’s capsule to urine leaving the body

a. bowman’s capsule → proximal tube → loop of henle → distal tubule → collecting duct → ureter → bladder → urethra

b. bowman’s capsule → distal tubule → proximal tubule → loop of hennle → collecting duct → ureter → bladder → urethra

c. bowman’s capsule → loop of henle → proximal tubule → distal tubule → collecting duct → ureter → bladder → urethra

d. bowman’s capsule → proximal tubule → distal tubule → loop of henle → collecting duct → ureter → bladder → urethra

bowman’s capsule → proximal tube → loop of henle → distal tubule → collecting duct → ureter → bladder → urethra

diabetes mellitus

presence of glucose in urine

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

volume of fluid filtered / time

which ion is primarily involved in the regulation of extracellular fluid volume and osmolarity?

a. calcium (Ca2+)

b. sodium (Na+)

c. chloride (Cl-)

d. potassium (K+)

sodium (Na+)

what happens if extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure fall too low?

a. the body cannot maintain adequate blood flot to the brain and other essential oragns

b. the kidneys stop functioning

c. the heart rate decreases significantly

d. the liver compensates by producing more bile

the body cannot function adequate blood flow to the brain and other essential organs.

How do kidneys respond if extracellular fluid becomes too acidic?

a. increase the production of erythropoietin

b. remove H+ and conserve bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)

c. remove HCO3- and conserve H+

d. release more renin

remove H+ and conserve bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)

what is one of the metabolic waste products removed by the kidneys

a. insulin

b. glucose

c. urea

d. hemoglobin

urea

which hormone is synthesized by the kidneys to regulate red blood cell synthesis

a. aldosterone

b. renin

c. insulin

d. erythropoietin

erythropoietin

what role do renal enzymes play in vitamin D metabolism

a. convert vitamin D3 into a hormone that regulates Ca2+ balance

b. convert vitamin D3 into erythropoietin

c. convert vitamin D3 into glucose

d. convert vitamin D3 into renin

convert vitamin D3 into a hormone that regulates Ca2+ balance

what happens to blood pressure when extracellular fluid volume decreases?

blood pressure also decreases

what are the two layers of kidney’s interior?

the outer cortex and inner medulla

retroperitoneal

located behind the peritoneal cavity