APSUH

The Gilded Age

A period in American history from the 1870s to about 1900 characterized by rapid economic growth, industrialization, and significant social change, often marked by political corruption and stark economic inequality.

The West

A time of significant development in the Western United States following the Civil War, marked by westward expansion, settlement, and the establishment of new industries. This era also saw conflicts with Native American tribes and the impact of the railroad on economic growth.

Native Americans

A diverse group of indigenous peoples facing displacement, cultural change, and loss of land due to westward expansion and U.S. government policies during this period.

The Transcontinental Railroad

A continuous rail line completed in 1869 that connected the Eastern U.S. to the Pacific Coast, facilitating trade, travel, and westward expansion.

Immigration

The movement of millions of people to the United States during this period, driven by economic opportunities, political unrest, and social factors, significantly contributing to the country's demographic changes and urban growth.

Rapid Urbanization

The significant growth of cities due to industrialization, immigration, and economic opportunities, leading to changes in social structures and living conditions.

Importance of Industrial Capitalism

Industrial capitalism was crucial for economic growth, fostering innovation, increasing production, and attracting investment, which transformed the U.S. into a global economic power during this period.

Role of New Technology

New technology, including advancements in transportation and communication, revolutionized industries and improved productivity, facilitating economic growth and urbanization during this period.

How did Farmers and Industrial Workers Respond to Industrial Society

Farmers and industrial workers responded to industrial society with organized movements, advocating for better working conditions, fair wages, and economic reforms. They formed unions and participated in strikes to challenge corporate power and influence government policy.

Political Corruption/Spoils System

Political corruption, particularly through the spoils system, involved the practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs, leading to inefficiency and widespread graft in government operations during this era.

The USA Becoming one of the World’s Industrial Powers

The United States transformed into a leading industrial power through rapid industrialization, urbanization, and technological innovation, significantly increasing production capabilities and changing the workforce.

Heavy Industrialization

refers to the significant growth of industries such as steel, railroads, and textiles, contributing to economic expansion and urban development.

Steel

The steel industry experienced rapid growth and innovation during this period, becoming a cornerstone of American industrialization and significantly contributing to infrastructure development.

Railroads

were crucial for transportation, facilitating trade and the movement of goods and people, and significantly contributing to economic growth and westward expansion.

Oil/Petroleum

The oil and petroleum industry saw explosive growth during this period, driven by innovations in drilling and refining, ultimately becoming a key energy source and influencing various sectors of the economy.

Electricity

became widely adopted, transforming industries and daily life through innovations in generation and distribution, leading to the rise of electric lighting and power for machinery.

Coal/Iron Ore

Coal and iron ore production surged during this period, supporting the rapid industrialization of the United States and providing essential materials for railroads, construction, and manufacturing.

New Technology

refers to the advancements in various fields such as communication, transportation, and manufacturing, which significantly enhanced productivity and economic growth during this transformative era.

New Labor Pools

emerged as a result of immigration and urbanization, providing a diverse workforce that fueled industrial growth and economic expansion.

Major Capital Investment

refers to the significant influx of financial resources into industries such as railroads, steel, and manufacturing, which played a crucial role in driving economic development and infrastructure expansion during the Gilded Age.

Linked National Economy

The interconnected economic system that developed as a result of advancements in transportation and communication, facilitating trade and commerce across states and regions in the United States.

The Civil War and Mass Production

The period marked a transition from artisanal production to mass production methods, significantly increasing output and efficiency in industries such as textiles and manufacturing.

Market Revolution and Sectionalism

The significant economic and social changes that occurred in the United States during this period, characterized by the rise of market-oriented economies, increased sectional tensions between the North and South, and the expansion of transportation networks.

The American System (Infrastructure Banking Tariffs)

A set of economic policies designed to promote national growth and unify the economy through internal improvements, protective tariffs, and a national bank, aiming to strengthen the U.S. economy after the Civil War.

Immigration (Irish Germans and Others)

The influx of immigrants, particularly from Ireland and Germany, during this period significantly impacted American society, culture, and the labor market, leading to both economic growth and social tensions.