Bio of Crime EXAM 4

Restriction enzymes

Cutting DNA into pieces

Gel Electrophoresis

Seperating DNA into pieces

DNA fingerprinting

Comparing DNA to different DNA

Toxicology

Study of poisons that cause physiological and psychological effects

Animal Poison

Venom

Fungus Poison

Mushrooms

Plant Poison

Belladonna, poinsetta

Example of Bacteria

Bacillus

Example of Metal

Mercury

Example of Organic Metal

Methane (turn into vapor at room temp)

Example of Organic Metal (No vapor)

Cocaine

DEA

Drug Enforcement Agency

3 Kinds of Alcohol

Cleaning Paint - Methanol - Inhaling makes You Blind

Liquor cabinet - Ethanol - Drinkable

Beer

Made from fermented grains - 4-5%

Wine

Made from fermented fruits - 12-15%

Liquor

Concentrated through being distilled - 40-80%

If something is 40 Proof it is…

20% alcohol

Liver

Breaks down alcohol

Liver breaks alcohol into..

Acetaldehyde and Acetone

Body removes alcohol into..

Carbon dioxide and water

Alcohol measurement

Breathalyzer and blood test

Blood Alcohol Content for DUI

0\.08%

Under 21 / CDL License BAC

CDL License: 0.04

Airline: 0.0

Factors to Raise BAC

Weight , Gender, Food - All can Lower or Higher BAC

Max BAC after meal

2-4 hours

Controlled Substance Act

Controls all drugs, legal or illegal

Schedule 5

Tylenol, not legal in every country, some states may require you to be 21+

How many drug schedules?

5

Schedule 1

Heroin, LSD

Must be in vault or safe, illegal for every person, only used for studies, high potential for abuse

What makes a drug more likely to abuse?

If it is faster acting

Schedule 2

Pentobarbital

Schedule 3

Amobarbital

Codeine - Could be used for wisdom teeth

Schedule 4

Phenobarbital

Narcotic / Opioid

A drug for sleeping and killing pain, drowsiness

Opium

Occurs in poppies

Morphine

White powder made from opium , can be used for IV in cancer patients

Schedule 2

Opium is generally ___

Smoked and inhaled through pipes

Heroin

Concentrated 3x more than opium

Fentanyl

Schedule 1, 50x more concentrated than opium

Methadone

Made to get people off of heroin

Percocet / Oxycodone

Got 10s of millions of people addicted, thought to not be addicted at first.

Big 1 billion dollar lawsuit with purdue

Taken orally

PDR

Physicians Desk Reference

Look up pills

Chromotography

Breaks material into parts and looks at fingerprint of the component

Two kinds: Gas Chromatography and HTLC

HTLC involves dissolving substance into liquid

Spectrophotometry

Look at the light absorbtion

Visible Light

Light we can see

Infrared Light

Light is lower energy then red light

Ultraviolet

Lighter is higher energy then blue / violet light

Stimulants

Drugs that elevate CNS / heart rate / respiration

Students may use this to increase alertness and may also be a diet aid

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Amphetamine

Orally taken stimulants

Caffeine

Example of stimulant , psychological withdraw symptoms

Small chance of physical symptoms - maybe a headache

Nicotine

Stimulant

Depressants

Lower heart rate / respiratory rate

Can slur speech , slow reaction

Most common used Depressant

Alcohol

Barbiturates

Phenobarbital, depressant, can be schedule 2,3 or 4

Barbiturates will ___ down heart rate and respiratory

Slow

Barbiturate with alcohol can be

Lethal

Hallucinogens

LSD, schedule 1 , cause you to see visuals and hear things

UV light can show ___

Hallucinogens, a number of them fluoresce

Flashback

You may have taken acid 3 weeks ago but you randomly start to feel effects without actually taking the drug

Marijuana

Schedule 1, but many states have legalized this drug but not yet on a federal level

Mescaline

Legal for native Americans

From peyote

Used in rituals, why it is legal in some areas