signs of dementia
memory loss; difficulty plannings/organizing; getting lost in familiar places; repeating words/info; difficulty finding words for common objects; inability to learn new information; apathy or socail disengagement; delusions and agitation; poor coordination and motor function
dementia types
alzheimers, vascular, lewy body
1/21
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
signs of dementia
memory loss; difficulty plannings/organizing; getting lost in familiar places; repeating words/info; difficulty finding words for common objects; inability to learn new information; apathy or socail disengagement; delusions and agitation; poor coordination and motor function
dementia types
alzheimers, vascular, lewy body
most common form of dementia
alzheimers
alzheimers basic patho
amyloid beta plaques, tau tangles; death of cholinergic neurons, resulting in decrease acetylcholine
diagnostic assessment tools
MMSE, MoCA, DSM-5, ADCS-ADL
MMSE
folstein mini mnetal state exam; max score fo 30, <24 indicated memory disorder
MoCA
Montreal cognitive assessment
ADCS-ADL
alzheimers disase cooperative study- activities of daily living; functional assessment
Reversible causes of memory impairment
vitamin b12 or d deficicnecy; depression; infection
Medications that worsen dementia
antispsychotics (aripiprazole, chlorpromazine), CNS depressants (barbiturates, BZDs, opioids, hyponotics, muscle relaxants), drugs with antihcholinergic effects (antiemetics, antihistamines, central or peripheral anticholienrgics, TCAs)
what additional tests might be done to confirm alzheimers
CSF and blood tests for elevated amyloid beta and tau concentrations
Non-drug treatment (prevention)
control BG, BP, and cholesterol, physical activity, healthy diet and congitive rehabilitation
natural product treatment
Vitamine E, actetyl-l-carnitine, ginkgo biloba, vinpocetine
Vitamin E roll in treatment
2000 iu dialy; minimally slows rate of decline for patients with mild to moderate dementia
Drug class that is primary treatment for all stages
acetylcholinesterase inbhitors
Additional agent for moderate to severe disease
memantine
Amyloid beta directed antibodies
aducanumab and lecanemab
FDA approved antipsychotic for dementia associated agitation
brexipiparazole/rexulti
Other antipsychotics sometimes used off label for dementia associated agitation
olanzapine, quetiapine
Acetylcholinesterase inhbitor drug list
donepezile, rivastigmine, galantamine
Memantine moa
NMDA receptor blocker; prevents glutamate from binding to NMDA receptor and causing overstimulation/neuronal death
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor DI
Causeiotn with drugs that lower HR (beta blockers, diltiazem/verapamile, digoxin), drugs that have anticholinergic effects, may increase gastric acid secretion (caution with hx of GI bleeding)