ap psych ch5 sleep

consciousness

consciousness

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

hypnosis

a social interaction in which one person responds to another persons suggestions that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts or behaviors will spontaneously occur

posthypnotic suggestion

a suggestion made during a hpnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

dissociation

a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

circadian rhythm

the biological clock, regular bodily rhythms

REM sleep

rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams occur

• muscles are relaxed, but other body systems are active

alpha waves

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

sleep

periodic, natural loss of consciousness— as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation

hallucinations

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

delta waves

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

NREM sleep

non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages expect for REM

suprachiasmatic nucleus

a pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm

• the SCN causes pineal gland to adjust the melatonin production making us sleepyy

insomnia

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

narcolepsy

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times

sleep apnea

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

night terrors

a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occurring during NREM-3 sleep, within 2-3 hours of falling asleep

dream

a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities and for the dreamers delusion acceptance

manifest content

freud; the remembered story line of a dream

latent content

freud; the underlying meaning of a dream

REM rebound

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

substance use disorder

continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and or physical risk

psychoactive drug

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods

tolerance

the diminishing effect with regular use of the ssme dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug effect

addiction

compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors despite known adverse consequences

withdrawal

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior

depressants

drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

alcohol use disorder

alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and drive to continue problematic use

barbiturates

drugs that depress central nervous system activities, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

opiates

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine, and heroin; they depress neural activity temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

stimulants

drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

amphetamines

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

nicotine

a stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco

cocaine

a powerful and addictive stimulant, derived from the coca plant, producing temporarily increased alertness and euphoria

methamphetamine

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the CNS, with speed-ed up body functions and associated energy with mood changes; overtime reduces dopamine

ecstasy (MDMA)

a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogenic; produces euphoria and social intimacy, but effects the mood and cognition neurons

hallucinogens

psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

LSD

a powerful, hallucinogenic drug, also known as acid.

near-death experience

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

THC

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations