Opposition to tsar 1855-94

Marxist Theory

Struggle between Capitalists and Working Class

Why would Marxism not work in Russia

Not Capitalist

Populist theory

Future of Russia depended on development of peasant communes without industrialisation

Pyotr Lavrov brought 2000 young nobility & intelligentsia to countryside (idea of “going to the people”)

1874

How many populists were reported by peasants and arrested?

1600

Why did “going to the people” not work?

Peasants were ignorant, prejudiced and loyal to the Tsar

Second Populist attempt to go to the peasant communes

1876 (also a failure)

What group did the Populists become that was set up in 1877?

Land and Liberty

Land and Liberty Assassination

1878 - Head of Third Section

What two groups did Land and Liberty split into?

Black Repartition and People’s Will

Students attributed to 1862 St Petersburg Fire

Young Russia

Leader of The People’s Will

Aleksandr Mikhailov

Who worked peacefully among peasantry?

Black Repartition

What did People’s Will do to Third Section?

Planted a spy

The People’s Will declared the Tsar had to be removed but offered to withdraw threat if he agreed to consitution

1879

The People’s Will kill the Tsar

March 1881

Other name for Populists

Narodniks

Students attributed to 1862 St Petersburg Fire

Young Russia

1869 Translated the Communist Manifesto into Russian

Mikhail Bakunin

When was Marx’s Das Kapital published in Russia?

1872

When did socialism begin to take root

1890s

What did the renewed Zemstva lead calls for in the mid 1890s?

A National body

Impact of Tsar’s assassination on populism movement

Ended Populist movement

Which Zemstva demanded a central body to coordinate regional councils?

St Petersburg zemstva

Populist who’s shop was blown up and assistant killed by wealthier peasants who didn’t like poorer peasants buying cheaper goods from him

Mikhail Romas

Slavophile + Moderate liberal who wrote War and Peace and advocated for simplicity and non violence

Count Leo Tolstoy

Westerniser who developed ideas when travelling through Europe + wrote ‘A sportsman’s sketches’ and helped influence opinion in favour of emancipation

Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev

Relaxation of censorship laws

Largely back in place by 1866