Antimicrobial Resistance

what are some Antimicrobials

1. Antibiotics

2. antifungals

3. antivirals

4. antiparasitics

define Real world antimicrobial resistance

Resistance is the ability of a bacterial strain to survive or grow during antimicrobial treatment

define research antimicrobial resistance

Resistance is defined by the presence of a genetic change (mutation or gene)

define lab antimicrobial resistance

Resistance is the ability to survive or grow in higher antimicrobial concentrations than other bacterial strains

factors of Pharmacodynamics: (4ish)

1. Mechanisms for killing/inhibiting growth

2. Time and concentration dependent

3. MIC

4. MBC

factors of Pharmacokinetics: (8)

1. Absorption

2. Distribution

3. Metabolism

4. Excretion

5. Bioavailability

6. Cmax - maximum concentration in plasma

7. Tmax - time at Cmax

8. t1/2 - half life

How does the bacteria become resistance? (3)

1. Acquired or spontaneous

2. Mutations

3. Horizontal gene transfer

5 Basic types of Acquired Resistance:

1. Decreased intracellular accumulation of the drug

2. Enzymatic inactivation of target

3. Modification of target

4. Mutation

5. Chemical

Therapeutic use of antibiotics

treat sick animals

Prophylactic use of antibiotics

prevent infection that we don’t know is present

Metaphylactic use of antibiotics

prevent infection that we KNOW is present