Vocabulary Flashcards from Lesson One (Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Analogies)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and analogies sections of the notes.

Noun

A word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.

Common noun

A general name for a person, place, thing, or idea; not capitalized.

Proper noun

The name of a particular person, place, or thing; capitalized.

Concrete noun

A noun that can be seen, heard, smelled, tasted, or touched.

Abstract noun

A noun that names an idea, feeling, quality, or state rather than a physical object.

Collective noun

A noun that names a group of people or things (e.g., crew).

Adjective

A word that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun; answers what kind, which one, how many, or how much.

Article

A word (a, an, the) used to indicate specificity; indefinite (a, an) vs definite (the).

Indefinite article

A before consonant or long 'u' sound; an before a word beginning with a vowel.

Definite article

The definite article 'the' points to a specific person, place, thing, or idea.

Proper adjective

An adjective formed from a proper noun; always capitalized (e.g., Asian, Mexican).

Asia

A proper noun; name of a continent.

Asian

A proper adjective formed from Asia; capitalized.

Mexico

A proper noun; name of a country.

Mexican

A proper adjective formed from Mexico; capitalized.

Verb

A word used to express an action, a condition, or a state of being.

Action verb

A verb that expresses what the subject does; can be physical or mental.

Linking verb

A verb that links the subject to a word in the predicate; commonly forms of 'be' (be, is, am, are, was, were, been, being).

Helping verb

A verb used with the main verb to express action or time; forms verb phrases.

Common helping verbs

Forms of have (has, have, had), do (do, does, did), be (be, am, is, are, was, were, been, being), and other modals (could, should, would, may, might, must, can, shall, will).

Adverb

A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb; answers how, when, where, or to what extent.

Intensifier

An adverb that strengthens the meaning of an adjective or another adverb; usually placed before the word it modifies; answers to what extent.

Adverb suffix -ly

Many adverbs are formed by adding -ly to adjectives; spelling changes can occur (rapid → rapidly; gentle → gently; heavy → heavily).

Abate

To lessen in violence or intensity; synonyms include subside and decrease.

Abhor

To detest, loathe, hate strongly; synonyms include despise and abominate.

Acquit

To find not guilty of a fault or crime; synonyms include vindicate, absolve, exonerate; antonyms include convict and condemn.

Acrimony

Harsh temper or bitter feeling; synonyms include resentment and rancor; antonyms include amiability and kindness.

Adamant

Unyielding; firm in opinion; synonyms include stubborn; antonyms include amenable and flexible.

Adulation

Excessive praise or admiration; synonyms include flattery and adoration; antonyms include derision and mockery.

Affable

Friendly; courteous; agreeable in manner; synonyms include amiable and good-natured; antonyms include disagreeable and irritable.

Agnostic

One who believes the existence of God is unknowable; synonyms include skeptic; someone with a critical or doubting attitude.

Agrarian

Having to do with farms, farmers, or the use of land; synonyms include agricultural, rural, pastoral; antonyms include urban.

Analogies

A comparison between two pairs of words that shows the relationship between them; used to explain or test understanding.

Calm:peaceful

Anger:ire

Engineer:train

Pilot:airplane

Synonyms

Words with similar meanings.

Antonyms

Words with opposite meanings.

Degree (in analogies)

A type of analogy that expresses a relationship of intensity or degree (e.g., warm: warmer :: hot: hotter).