Sensory process

Sensory Transduction

Conversion of stimuli into electrical signals.

Sensory Pathways

Routes for sensory information to the brain.

General Senses

Touch, pain, temperature, proprioception, vibration, pressure.

Special Senses

Vision, hearing, taste, smell, and equilibrium.

Sensory Organs

Organs containing receptors for specific sensory information.

Chemoreceptors

Respond to chemical stimuli like taste and smell.

Photoreceptors

Respond to light; includes rods and cones.

Mechanoreceptors

Detect mechanical stimuli like touch and sound.

Thermoreceptors

Respond to temperature changes in the environment.

Nociceptors

Detect potentially damaging stimuli; responsible for pain.

Sensory Processing

Brain interprets sensory information for recognition.

Special Senses Function

Essential for perceiving and interacting with the world.

Retina

Light-sensitive layer containing photoreceptors in the eye.

Rods

Photoreceptors for vision in dim light.

Cones

Photoreceptors for color vision in bright light.

Optic Nerve

Transmits electrical signals from retina to brain.

Visual Cortex

Brain area processing visual signals from optic nerve.

Eyebrows

Keep sweat and sun out of eyes.

Eyelids

Trigger blinking to keep eyes moist.

Lacrimal Apparatus

Produces and drains tears from the eye.

Rectus Muscles

Control eye movement in various directions.

Superior Rectus

Elevates the eye upwards.

Inferior Rectus

Depresses the eye downwards.

Medial Rectus

Moves the eye inwards towards the nose.

Lateral Rectus

Moves the eye outwards away from the nose.

Superior Oblique

Rotates the eye inwards and depresses it.

Inferior Oblique

Rotates the eye outwards and elevates it.

Fibrous Tunic

Outer layer of the eyeball; includes sclera and cornea.

Sclera

Tough, white outer layer protecting the eyeball.

Cornea

Transparent part allowing light to enter the eye.

Vascular Tunic

Middle layer; includes choroid, ciliary body, iris.

Choroid

Nourishes the retina with blood vessels.

Ciliary Body

Controls lens shape and produces aqueous humor.

Iris

Colored part controlling light entering the pupil.

Nervous Tunic

Inner layer; light-sensitive retina detects images.