Nutrition, Wound Care, and Mobility: Nursing Fundamentals for Patient Care

How many kcal per gram do fats provide?

9

When planning care for an adolescent athlete, what modification is appropriate?

Increase carbohydrates to 55-60%

Patient with cardiovascular disease on low-fat diet says "less fat is better"—what should nurse say?

Deficiencies occur when fat intake falls below 10%

Which statement indicates correct teaching for cardiovascular diet?

Limit trans fat to less than 1%

Which statements are correct about nutrition across the lifespan?

Infants triple weight at 1 year; toddlers are picky eaters; older adults have decreased taste

Teaching for low-fat diet—what is correct?

Saturated fats are mostly in animal sources

Nutrition teaching for Korean patient—focus on?

Include cultural food preferences

Infant nutrition teaching—correct?

Breast milk or formula for first 4-6 months

What is basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Energy needed to maintain life at rest

Nutrition teaching priority for cultural patient?

Include patient's ethnic food preferences

Nutritional assessment should include?

Both subjective and objective data

Dysphagia cause (neurogenic)?

Stroke

PN infusion falling behind—what should nurse do?

Taper gradually

After enteral tube insertion—what is the first action?

Check placement (aspirate pH)

How should the nurse measure NG tube length?

Nose to ear to xiphoid process

What is the correct order for enteral feeding?

Elevate HOB → Verify placement → Check residual → Flush → Feed

Before intermittent tube feeding, what should the nurse do?

Ensure feeding is room temperature

Best method to verify feeding tube placement?

X-ray

Priority action to prevent aspiration with tube feeding?

Verify tube placement

How can the nurse prevent tube clogging?

Use liquid medications

Patient has cramping during tube feeding—what should nurse do?

Slow the feeding rate

Patient with long-term feeding and aspiration risk—what tube is used?

Jejunostomy tube

When should passive ROM begin after paralysis?

Immediately

First step before ambulating a patient after bedrest?

Dangle at bedside

Patient fatigued after ADLs—what intervention?

Schedule rest periods

Immobile patient metabolic issue to monitor?

Altered nutrient metabolism

Proper technique for passive ROM?

Move joint to point of resistance

Priority intervention for impaired mobility with pain?

Provide comfort measures

Stroke patient—best intervention for mobility?

Encourage independence

What does gait refer to?

How a patient walks

Cerebellum damage—priority problem?

Impaired balance

What injury should the nurse prevent during lifting?

Back injury

Which patient should the nurse assess first?

Patient with chest pain and dyspnea

Order says "ROM as needed"—what should nurse do first?

Assess the patient

Examples of isotonic exercises?

Swimming, jogging, bicycling

Immobile patient with intact skin—what diagnosis?

Risk for impaired skin integrity

Risk factor for pressure ulcer formation?

Fecal incontinence

What tissue indicates wound healing?

Granulation tissue

Burn wound healing type?

Secondary intention

Sign of healing by secondary intention?

Severe scarring

Most important factor for wound healing?

Adequate oxygenation

Wound infection signs present—priority action?

Complete full assessment

Priority skin assessment area?

Pressure points

Stage IV pressure ulcer—appropriate diagnosis?

Impaired skin integrity

Diet to promote wound healing?

High protein, high calorie

Who should the nurse consult for wound healing nutrition?

Registered dietitian

Braden Scale meaning?

Lower score indicates higher risk

Highest risk patient for pressure ulcer?

Elderly, immobile, incontinent patient

Blanket rubbing against skin causes?

Friction

Bed bath—what should nurse do?

Allow skin to air dry

Hearing aid priority assessment?

Cerumen buildup

Patient with fall history—priority action?

Perform fall risk assessment

Best intervention to prevent falls?

Assist with ambulation

Stroke patient feeding precaution?

Chin tuck position

When energy needs are not met by kcal intake, what occurs?

Weight loss

BMI of 34 classification?

Obese

Body's preferred energy source?

Carbohydrates

Positive nitrogen balance occurs in?

Pregnancy