03Chromosomal Abnormalities

chromosomal abnormality

abnormality that occurs when a child inherits too many or too few chromosomes

age of the mother / ovum

most common cause of chromosomal abnormalities because of the __ having longer term exposure to environmental factors

chromosomal abnormality

occurs when gametes do not divide evenly

autosomal chromosome disorders

type of chromosomal disorder where person inherits too many or too few chromosomes

sex-linked chromosomal disorders

type of chromosomal disorder where the abnormality occurs on the chromosome pair #23

sex-linked chromosomal disorders

XXY, XYY, XXX, XO

down syndrome

trisomy 21 AKA

trisomy 21

autosomal chromosome disorders:

disorder caused by an extra chromosome 21 (total 3)

trisomy 21

autosomal chromosome disorders:

birth defects symptoms: intellectual disability, heart defects, etc.

trisomy 21

autosomal chromosome disorders:

the severity of this disorder varies greatly among individuals

trisomy 13

disorder caused by an extra chromosome 13:

birth defects, death in FIRST WEEKS OR MONTHS

trisomy 18

disorder caused by an extra chromosome 18:

multiple birth defects and early death

trisomy 21

autosomal chromosome disorders:

short fingers and toes, folds of skin over the eyes, and a protruding tongue

turner syndrome

sex-linked chromosome disorders:

all or part of one of the X chromosomes is lost before or soon after conception due to a random event

XO

sex-linked chromosome disorders:

turner syndrome: composition

turner syndrome

sex-linked chromosome disorders:

affects cognitive functioning and sexual maturation in girls

turner syndrome

sex-linked chromosomal disorders:

may result in infertility and short stature

klinefelter syndrome

sex-linked chromosome disorders:

disorder caused when there's an extra X chromosome in cells of male due to a random event

klinefelter syndrome

sex-linked chromosome disorders:

Y chromosome and extra X chromosome fighting each other's growth

Y chromosome

sex-linked chromosome disorders:

klinefelter syndrome:

this chromosome stimulates the growth of male genitalia

extra X chromosome

sex-linked chromosome disorders:

klinefelter syndrome:

this chromosome inhibits the development of male genitalia

klinefelter syndrome

sex-linked chromosome disorders:

males with this disorder typically have breast development, infertility, small testes, and low levels of testosterone

turner syndrome

sex-linked chromosome disorders:

females with this disorder may have an external genitalia that appears normal

turner syndrome

sex-linked chromosome disorders:

the breasts and overaies of females with this disorder don't develop fully and she doesn't menstruate

XXY

sex-linked chromosome disorders:

klinefelter syndrome composition