HOSA: Chapter 17

The pituitary gland is attached to which organ?

	a.	liver
	b.	pancreas
	c.	brain
	d.	lung

c) brain

Which of the following conditions is characterized by overgrowth of cartilaginous and connective tissue?

	a.	tetany
	b.	acromegaly
	c.	hypothyroidism
	d.	hyperthyroidism

b) acromegaly

Which hormone stimulates contractions during childbirth?

	a.	oxytocin
	b.	vasopressin
	c.	luteinizing hormone
	d.	prolactin

a) ocytocin

Which of the following is a gonadotropic hormone?

	a.	thyrotropin
	b.	follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
	c.	melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
	d.	adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

b) follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH)

Where is the thyroid gland located?

	a.	pancreas
	b.	liver
	c.	larynx
	d.	brain

c) larynx

Lack of ____ causes the thyroid gland to enlarge.

	a.	protein
	b.	vitamin A
	c.	sodium
	d.	iodine

d) iodine

Patients with hyperthyroidism commonly experience:

	a.	irritability.
	b.	significant fatigue.
	c.	low blood pressure.
	d.	unusual weight gain.

a) irritability

Tetany is treated by the addition of:

	a.	magnesium.
	b.	phosphorus.
	c.	calcium.
	d.	iron.

c) calcium

The adrenal glands sit atop the:

	a.	kidneys.
	b.	stomach.
	c.	liver.
	d.	esophagus.

a) kidneys

The principal hormone of the medulla is:

	a.	insulin.
	b.	androgen.
	c.	aldosterone.
	d.	adrenaline.

d) adrenaline

The majority of the islets of Langerhans cells are ____ cells.

	a.	alpha
	b.	beta
	c.	delta
	d.	pancreatic polypeptide-containing

b) beta

Which hormone develops the primary male sexual characteristics?

	a.	testosterone
	b.	progesterone
	c.	estrogen
	d.	adrenaline

a) testosterone

A blood sugar test is performed to assess the function of the:

	a.	thyroid gland.
	b.	parathyroid glands.
	c.	pancreas.
	d.	pituitary gland.

c) pancreas

Which hormone is responsible for developing breast tissue and stimulating the secretion of milk from the mammary glands?

	a.	melatonin
	b.	prolactin
	c.	glucagon
	d.	aldosterone

b) prolactin

Which hormone regulates the exchange of calcium between the bones and blood and increases blood calcium?

	a.	vasopressin
	b.	oxytocin
	c.	thyroxine
	d.	parathormone

d) parathormone

The radioactive iodine uptake test is a test of which gland?

	a.	adrenal gland
	b.	pancreas
	c.	thyroid gland
	d.	pituitary gland

c) thyroid gland

The most common cause of adrenal insufficiency is:

	a.	autoimmune destruction of the cells producing the hormone.
	b.	infections such as tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, and meningococcemia.
	c.	hemorrhage into the adrenal glands.
	d.	metastasis of malignant tumors.

a) autoimmune destruction of the cells producing the horomone

When the blood sugar level falls too low, the hormone glucagon is released, causing the ____ to release stored glycogen into the blood.

	a.	pancreas
	b.	liver
	c.	duodenum
	d.	stomach

b) liver

Which of the following does not influence the amount of insulin a diabetic patient needs?

	a.	vomiting
	b.	pregnancy
	c.	exercise
	d.	weather conditions

d) weather condition

Myxedema is an endocrine condition associated with too:

	a.	little pituitary hormone.
	b.	much pituitary hormone.
	c.	little thyroid hormone.
	d.	much thyroid hormone.

c) little thyroid horomone

horomone

Complex chemical that influences actions at distant sites and controls body functions.

growth horomone

Affects the length of the long bones and therefore height.

thyrotropin

Thyroid-stimulating hormone.

melanocyte-stimulating horomone

Hormone that increases skin pigmentation.

luteinizing

In the male stimulates interstitial cells in the testes to produce testosterone.

hypothyroidism

Below-normal thyroid activity or overactive thyroid

androgens

Sex steroids.

mineralocorticoids

Control electrolyte balances by regulating the reabsorption of sodium in the kidney tubules and the excretion of potassium.

glucocorticoids

Affect the metabolism of protein, fat, and glucose.

estrogen

Promotes growth and development of the primary and secondary sex organs, and maintains them throughout adult life.

thyroid storm

Extreme clinical development of hyperthyroidism.

pineal body

Small mass of tissue attached by a slim stalk to the roof of the third ventricle in the brain.

finger stick

Method used by diabetic patients to evaluate their glucose level.

type I diabetes

Autoimmune disease that eventually results in severe insulin deficiency

type II diabetes

Patients with this condition have insulin resistance and are usually overweight.

addisons disease

Condition that results from a deficiency of adrenal hormones in the cortex of the adrenal gland.

Cushings syndrome

 Disorder characterized by a group of symptoms that result from the hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex caused by excess ACTH production.

biguanides

Work to lower sugar levels by blocking the release of glucose by the liver

thiazolidinediones

Reduce insulin resistance by modulating activity of nuclear transcription factors.

antidiabetic drugs

Series of recently approved drugs that increase the presence of gut hormones that are advantageous for insulin secretion and decrease glucagon levels.

urinary system

diabetes

endocrine system

both diabetes and Graves’ disease

circulatory system

both diabetes and Graves’ disease

Palpitations, tachycardia, and cardiomegaly

Graves’ disease

 Insulin deficiency, destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas

diabetes

Nervous system

both diabetes and Graves’ disease

Retinopathy, lens changes and Peripheral neuropathy

diabetes

senses

both diabetes and Graves’ disease

Glycosuria, polyuria, urinary tract infection (UTI), and kidney disease

diabetes

muscular system, thyroid enlargement, weak muscles, fatigue, and paralysis

graves disease

intergumentary system, skin infection, ulcers

diabetes

exophthalmos

graves disease

pituitary

 Undersurface of the brain in the sella turcica of the skull. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).  Oxytocin.

testes

Male scrotum, Develops primary and secondary sexual characteristics; stimulates maturation of sperm.

thyroid

Lower portion of the anterior neck, Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

parathyroid

Parathormone. Posterior surface of thyroid gland.

adrenal

Sex hormones (androgens).  Superior surface of each kidney.

pancreas

Behind the stomach. Insulin.

thymus

Under the sternum. React on lymphoid tissue to produce T lymphocyte cells to regulate immunity.

pineal body

Third ventricle in the brain. Influences onset of puberty and circadian rhythms

ovaries

Female pelvis. Develops excretory portion of mammary glands; aids in maintaining pregnancy.