AP gov unit 1

Natural rights

Rights everyone born with (life, liberty, property)

Social contract

People and government agreement —> government protect, people give up some freedom

Popular sovereignty

Government get power from people

Republicanism

People elect representatives to govern on their behalf

Participation democracy

Think run better when Broad participation by citizens

Pluralist theory

Think run better when power spread among many interest groups

Elitist theory

Power are held by small, wealthy, educated Elites

Conservative

Want less government control, free market, traditional values

Liberal

Want more government help, social equality, protection of rights

Limited government

Government restricted by laws and constitution

Shay rebellion

Armed uprising that exposed weaknesses of the confederation

Writ of habeas corpus

Right to know why being detained

Bills of attainer

Laws punish someone without trial

Ex post facto laws

Can’t punish crime before law was made

Great compromise

House of Representatives —> based on population, senate —> 2 per state

3/5 compromise

Enslave count as 3/5 of a person for representation and vote

Commerce compromise

Congress can regulate interstate and foreign trade

Pluralism

Many group compete to influence government

Federalism

Powers divide between national government and state government

Separation of powers

Legislative, executive, judicial

Check and balance

Each branch limit power of the other

Legislative branch

Make laws

Expressed/enumarated powers

Listed in the constitution

Necessary and proper clause/elastic

Allow congress to carry out laws needed

Executive branch

Enforce laws

Judicial branch

Interpret laws (supreme court)

To pass amendments

Proposal by 2/3 congress + ratification by ¾ states

Judicial review

Power of court to declare unconstitutional

federalist

Support strong national government

Anti federalist

Want strong state government + bill of rights

Faction

Group that share same interests (bad)

Unitary system

National government keep most power

Confederate system

State hold most power

Federal system

Powers shared between national government and state government

Implied powers

Not written in constitution —> inferred from necessary and proper clause

Delegated powers

Power given to national government by constitution

Reserve power

Powers kept by state

Concurrent powers

Powers shared by federal and state governments

Commerce powers

Congress regulate interstate + international trade

Supreme clause

Federal law override state laws

10th amendment

Power not given to federal government belong to state

Full faith and credit clause

State must recognize other state laws + court decisions

Extradition

State must return fugitives to state where crime occurred

Privileges and immunities clause

State cannot discriminate against citizens of other states

Dual federalism

Separate responsibility

Cooperative federalism

Shared responsibility

Selective cooperation

Bill of rights applied to state through 14th amendment

Categorical

Specific purpose

block grant

Broad purpose

Unfounded mandate

No money given but state still have to do

Declaration of independence

Justified independence —> emphasized natural rights

Fed 51

Explain separation of powers + checks and balances

Constitution

Strong but limited national government

Fed 10

Factions are controlled by large publics

10th amendment

States rights

13th amendments

Abolished slavery

14th amendment

Citizenship + equal protection

15th amendment

Voting rights regarding race

Marbury v. Madison

Ebstablish judicial review

McCulloch v. Maryland

Federal override state powers

U.S. v. Lopez

Limited congress power under commerce clause