Elbow and Forearm

Origin of the lateral compartment of the muscle of the forearm

Lateral supracondylar ridge

How is the Lateral supracondylar ridge palpated

elbow 90 deg. + FA mid prone

Common wrist extensor origin

Lateral Epicondyle

Lateral epicondyle is AKA

extensor epicondyle

Common wrist and hand flexor origin

Medial Epicondyle

The trochlea is ______ shape

Hour glass

The Trochlea is (lateral/medial)

Medial

The Capitulum is _____ in shape

Spheroid

Where radial head slides during elbow flexion

Capitulotrochelar groove

Receives the coronoid process of the ulna

Coronoid fossa

Receives the head of the radius

Radial fossa

Part of the radius that articulates with the capitulum

Fovea

How many degrees of freedom does the Humeroulnar joint have?

1C

Capsular Pattern of the humeroulnar joint

flexion, extension

CPP of Humeroulnar joint

Extension with supinationO

OPP of Humeroulnar joint

70° elbow flexion, 10° supination

Articulating Surfaces of the humeroulnar joint

Concave - Trochlear notch of the ulna

Convex - Trochlea of the humerus

Ligaments of the Humeroulnar joint

Medial / ulnar collateral (MCL); 3 sets:

• anterior, intermediate, or transverse and posterior fibers

True/False: Pronator teres is not an elbow flexor

False

The Humeroradial joint has how many degrees of freedom?

1 DoF

Capsular pattern of humeroradial joint

Flexion → extension → Supination → Pronation

CPP of humeroradial joint

Elbow flexed to 90, forearm supinated to 5

OPP of humeroradial joint

Full extension and full supination

Articulating surfaces of the Humeroradial joint

Concave - Fovea of the radius

Convex - Capitulum of the humerus

Ligaments of the Humeroradial joint

lateral/radial collateral;

• anterior, intermediate or transverse and posterior fibers

Ligaments of the Humeroulnar joint attach where?

to the medial epicondyle, - olecranon process TO the coronoid process

Ligaments of the Humeroradial joint attach where?

to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus TO the upper margin of the annular ligament

Arthrokinematics of the Elbow joint during Open Chain Kinematics

Flexion - Roll and Glide Anterior

Extension - Roll and Glide Posteriorly

Arthrokinematics of the Elbow joint during Closed Chain Kinematics

Roll and Glide are opposite (the capitulum and trochlea are the moving components during CCK)

Elbow Flexors

1. brachialis

2. biceps brachii

3. Brachioradialis

4. Pronator Teres

Elbow Extensors

1. Triceps

2. Anconeus

Capsular Pattern of the Proximal radio-ulnar joint

Equal limitation of supination and pronation

CPP of Proximal radio-ulnar joint

5° supination

OPP of the Proximal radio-ulnar joint

35° supination, 70° elbow flexion

Articulating surfaces of the Proximal Radio-ulnar joint

head of the radius and the annular ligament and the radial notch on the ulna

the proximal radio-ulnar joint is what type of joint

Synovial Diarthrodial pivot / trochoid joint

attached to the anterior and posterior margins of the radial notch on the ulna TO the head of the radius

Annular Ligament

Ligament below the radial notch of the ulna TO medial surface of the neck of the radius

Quadrate ligament

Ligament that is . lateral side of the ulnar tuberosity TO just distal to the bicipital tuberosity

Oblique Ligament

Arthrokinematics of the Proximal radio-ulnar joint

Pronation: anterior Spin

Supination: posterior spin

Forearm pronators

• Pronator Teres

• Pronator Quadratus

Forearm Supinators

• Biceps brachii

• Biceps brachii

What type of joint is the distal radio-ulnar joint

Pivot

Articulations of the Distal radio-ulnar joint

rounded head of the ulna and the ulnar notch on the radius

Ligament from the anterior aspect of the distal radiulnar joint

Anterior (palmar) distal radioulnar ligament

Where is the posterior radioulnar ligament

Dorsal aspect of the radioulnar joint

Arthrokinematics of the distal radioulnar joint

Pronation: Anterior roll and slide

Supination: Posterior roll and slde

Activation of Biceps Brachii

• Resist elbow flexion, supinated

• Slow supination

• Unresisted elbow flexion with FA in midprone / supinate;

• NO ACTIVITY when PRONATED

Workhorse of the elbow flexors

Brachialis

Activation of Brachialis

• All positions of elbow and forearm

• With/without resistance

• All types of contractions

• Speed: whether slow or fast

Known as supinator longus

brachioradialis

Only elbow flexor innervated by the radial nerve

brachioradialis

Activation of Brachioradialis

• Unaffected by shoulder position

• Fast elbow flexion with FA in midprone/prone

• Can supinate from a full pronation but up to neutral only

• Can pronate from a full supination but up to neutral only

Other weak elbow flexors

• Pronator Teres

• Palmaris longus

• FDS

• FCR

• FCU