EXAM 1 - Lecture 1

what are large biological molecules that make up all living things

macromolecules

what are examples of macromolecules

protein, carbs, lipids, nucleic acids

molecules that are comprised of smaller subunits called monomers and are defined as the basic structures of macromolecules are known as

polymer

examples of polymer

polypeptides, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, lipids

subunits of macromolecules that are comprised of atoms bonded together are known as

monomer

what atoms are commonly found associated with macromolecules

C,H,O,N,P,S

a particular combination of atoms that are consistently found together in a variety of different macromolecules is known as

function group

be able to identify functional groups on molecules

what type of bond is the strongest

covalent

what bond is the weakest

van der waals/hydrophobic

what type of bond shares electrons

covalent

what bond transfers electrons from one atom to another

ionic

what type of covalent bond shares electrons equally amongst two atoms

non-polar covalent

what type of covalent bond shares electrons unequally

polar covalent

the attractive force that an atom exerts on an electron is known as

electronegativity is the

electrons will be drawn ____ the more electronegative atom

towards

which atoms are the most electronegative

oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, and chlorine

polar covalent molecule diagram

ionic bond molecule diagram

a charged atom or group of atoms is known as an

ion

a positive ion is called

cation

a negative ion is called

anion

when does a redox reaction occur

when one atom loses or gives up an electron to another atom

an interaction between an H atom that is covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and the unbonded electrons of a second electronegative atom is known as a

hydrogen bond

hydrogen bond diagram

Which of the following solutions would have the highest concentration of hydrogen ions (H+)?

a. Water with a pH of 7

b. Sodium bicarbonate with a pH of 9

c. Beer with a pH of 4

d. Sodium hydroxide with a pH of 1

C

the difference between water and sodium bicarbonate is 2 pH scale points. This means that sodium bicarbonate is 2/10/100 times more acidic/basic/neutral than water

100, basic