Studied by 2 peopleKing Gilgamesh is super strong 2/3 god, grew mean & savage, goddess Aruru made Endiku to withstand him, Endiku meets him, they fight, become friends, Gilgamesh invites him on a journey, they prepare for the cedar forest, go to the forest and battle Humbaba, defeat him, goes back to Uruk, Gilgamesh offends Anu, Anu’s dad send Bull of Heaven, Endiku helps defeat it, Endiku has a dream, gods decide he should die, Gilgamesh is sad, he journeys through the mountains, goes to find Uta- napishi to learn how to escape death, He tells him the flood story about the gods & why they made him immortal, Gilgamesh later talks to Endiku’s ghost, & asks about the afterlife
Epic of Gilgamesh
Sumerian Writing
Cuneiform- wedge shaped writing on clay
Sumerian Temples
Stepped towers called ziggurats
Modern day Mesopotamia
Iraq
Hammurabi’s Importance
Hammurabi’s Law Code- world’s first legal code
Nebuchadnezzar’s Accomplishments
rebuilt Babylon, hanging gardens of Babylon, Ishtar’s gate, Astronomy & Astrology
King Solomon’s temple purpose
to hold to the Arc of the covenant
Mesopotamia means…
Land between Rivers
Egyptian written language
Hieroglyphics
Rosetta stone
written in 3 languages, found by Napoleon Bonaparte’s team, Jean Champollion deciphered it
River flooded and provided rich soil (silt)
Nile
King Tut
Boy King, found by Howard Carter, Near intact royal tomb found in the Valley of the Kings
Egyptians did this to the body to show they were obsessed with the afterlife
Mummification
Tall structure- symbol to show pharaoh’s right to rule & connection to the divine
Obelisks
Egyptian writing is done on…
Papyrus
Book of Spells to help someone to the afterlife
Book of the Dead
India ‘s main cities along the Indus River
Mohenjo Daro & Harappa
India’s most important rivers
Indus & Ganges
Nomadic group that invaded India
aryans
Aryan Language & writing system
Sanskrit
Rajas
Aryan Princes
Linked China to Mesopotamia
Silk road
Duty to put family needs above your own
Filial Piety
Analects
Confucius’s teachings are written in this book
Priestly Caste
Brahmans
Lowest caste with dirty jobs
Untouchables
A system of social categories that determines a person’s job and place in society
Caste system
Reincarnation
The soul is reborn after death
Karma
Person’s actions that determine how they will be reborn
Dharma
Person’s duty in life
Helps achieve Nirvana
Eight fold path (Buddism) & meditation
Ultimate goal is Buddism
Eliminate desire- achieve nirvana
Characters
chinese writing
Emperor Shi Huang Di practiced this government system
Legalism
No interference
Daoism
Relationships are important
Confucianism
Epic poems about trojan war
Iliad and the Odyssey
Odysseus, Agamemnon, Menelaus, Hector, Helen, Achilles, Paris, Priam
Characters of the Iliad and the Odyssey
Spartan Battle formation
Phalanx
People make decisions and influence the government
Direct Democracy
Defeated at the battle of Marathon
Persia
Won the battle of Thermopylae between Xerxes and Leonidas
Persia (300 Spartans killed)
Ostracism
Writing on pottery to banish someone for 10 years
Led the Persians at the Battle of Thermopylae
Xerxes
War between Sparta and Athens
Peloponnesian War (lasted 27 years)
Philosopher
someone who seeks wisdom or answers
Most important Greek poet
Homer
Patricains
Rich Romans (High Class)
punic wars between
carthage & rome
rome gained control of this after the first punic war
sicily
marched elephants across the alps during second punic wars
hannibal
rome does this to carthage and its people after third punic wars
burns the city, salts the earth, sells people into slavery
mosaics were made of…
tile
alliance between 3 men
triumvirate
People in first triumvirate
julius caesar, pompey, crassus
assassinates caesar
marcus brutus
time of peace ushered by octavian
pax romana
first roman emperor to convert to christianity
constantine
what happens to western roman empire in 476 AD
falls due to germanic tribes invading
christianity based on Jesus’s teachings
New religion that emerges in rome
sacred text of judaism
torah
founder of judaism
abraham
most important city in judaism
jerusalem
laws given to moses
10 commandments
Sacred text of christianity
bible
gabriel
angel who announced jesus birth
Another name for savior
messiah
According to Catholicism who is the first pope
st peter
sacred text of islam?
Quorum
founder of islam
muhammmed
first caliph after muhammmed
Abu Bakr
House of worship
mosque
islam name for god
allah
disagreement between sunni and shiites
who the rightful successor of muhammed is
Shahada
declaration of faith
salat
prayer (5 times a day)
Zakat
charity
sawm
fasting (ramadan)
hajj
journey to mecca
animals berbers used to cross desert
camels
King of Mali who visited mecca (really rich)
mansa musa
type of trade in west africa
silent trade- gold for salt
mix of african and arab culture
swahili
civilization in andes, chile, peru
incas
calendar
most accurate in the world at that time, mayans made it
game played by all meso american tribes
pok a tok
who created city in the middle of lake texcoco
aztecs
mexico city
tenochtitlan today
the sign the aztecs were looking for to build their city
eagle on a cactus holding a snake
Conquered aztecs
Hernan cortez
conquered incas
Francisco pizarro
knotted ropes of inca writing
quipu
chaimpanas
floating gardens aztecs used to make more farmland
leader of the aztecs when they were conquered
moctezume
continent the incas live on
south america
At age 7 Spartan boys attend…
Military School
Ruler that seizes by force with support of the people
Tyrant
Alexander’s process of bringing Greek culture to the world
Hellenistic period
Mark Antony rules out of this country and has an alliance with…
Egypt, Cleopatra
Most famous Islam holiday
Ramadan
Note
Flashcard