Chapter 5 Test Greece and Macedonia

What defines a golden age?

A period of prosperity, innovation, wealth, and advancements in art and literature.

How is a renaissance similar to a golden age?

Both are periods of prosperity and cultural achievement.

What characterized the people during golden ages and renaissances?

They were very curious and questioned many things, leading to advancements.

Where did democratic governments develop during ancient times?

Democratic governments primarily developed in Greece.

What were the two major city-states in ancient Greece?

Athens and Sparta.

What was the primary value of Sparta?

Military power and strength.

What was the phalanx?

A Greek soldier formation where soldiers stood shoulder to shoulder.

Who strengthened Athens' direct democracy?

Pericles.

What was the Parthenon dedicated to?

The Greek goddess Athena.

Who were the most famous Greek philosophers?

Aristotle, Socrates, and Plato.

What did Pheidippides do during the Persian Wars?

Ran 26.2 miles from Sparta to Athens to deliver news of Persian defeat.

Who was Xerxes?

The son of Darius the Great and king of Persia during the Persian Wars.

What was a major characteristic of Greek geography?

It included rugged mountains that divided it into city-states.

What impact did the Mycenaeans have on trade and culture in Greece?

They made contact with the Minoans and started extensive seaborne trade.

What initiated the Trojan War?

The Mycenaeans fought against Troy over trade routes.

What significant loss occurred during the Dorian Age?

The loss of the art of writing.

What was unique about the education system in Athens?

Only the sons of wealthy families received formal education.

What was the Spartan approach to individual expression?

They discouraged individual expression and did not value arts or literature.

What was the Delian League?

An alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens against the Persians.

What marked the Golden Age of Athens?

A period of intellectual and artistic growth from 477 to 431 B.C.

What significant building did Pericles construct to honor Athena?

The Parthenon.

Who were the principal writers of Greek drama?

Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides (tragedies) and Aristophanes (comedies).

Who is considered the father of history?

Herodotus.

What was an outcome of the Peloponnesian War?

Athens questioned its democratic system due to losses.

What philosophical approach did Socrates promote?

Questioning oneself and moral values.

What did Plato's ideal society consist of?

Three groups: farmers/artisans, warriors, and the ruling class.

What method did Aristotle develop?

A method of arguing according to rules of logic.

Who was Philip II?

King of Macedonia who sought control over Greece and Persia.

What did Alexander the Great accomplish?

Conquered Persia and spread Greek culture.

What is Hellenistic culture?

A blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures.

What was significant about the Library of Alexandria?

It held about 500,000 scrolls and was a center for learning.

What important contributions did Archimedes make?

Calculated the value of pi, explained the lever, and invented the Archimedes screw.

What was the outcome of Alexander's campaign by 326 B.C.?

His soldiers, exhausted from 11 years of fighting, decided to turn back.

What was the significance of the lighthouse in Alexandria?

The Pharos lighthouse was over 350 feet tall and a key navigational aid.

Which areas did Alexander conquer during his campaigns?

Anatolia, Egypt, and Persia.

Who succeeded Alexander after his death?

Three of his generals who divided his empire.