Regional Anatomy and Face Anatomy

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from a lecture on regional anatomy, with a focus on the head and face.

Regional Anatomy

Deals with the form, position, and relationship of structures in a particular body region, from superficial to deep layers.

Layers in Regional Anatomy

Skin, superficial fascia (A, V, L, N), deep fascia, muscle (A, V, L, N), bone and articulation (cavity).

Inferior Edge of Head Boundaries

Lower border of the mandible, angle of mandible, mastoid process, superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance.

Cranium

A region of the head.

Face

A region of the head.

Superficial Structures of the Face

Includes skin, superficial fascia, facial artery and vein, lymph nodes, trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, and muscles of expression.

Superficial Fascia of Face

Loose connective tissue, parotid duct, buccal fat pad, facial artery and vein, lymph nodes, trigeminal nerve, facial nerve.

Epicranius

Facial muscle consisting of the frontal belly, occipital belly, and galea aponeurotica.

Orbicularis Oculi

Facial muscle around the eye.

Buccinator

Facial muscle in the cheek.

Orbicularis Oris

Facial muscle around the mouth.

Platysma

Superficial muscle of the neck that extends to the face.

Masticatory Muscles

Masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid muscles (innervated by trigeminal nerve).

Origin of Facial Artery

External carotid artery.

Termination of Facial Artery

Angular artery (medial angle of the eye).

Facial Vein

Originates from angular vein, unites with the anterior branch of retromandibular vein to form common facial vein, which enters internal jugular vein.

"Danger Area" of the Face

Area between the root of the nose and angles of the mouth where the facial vein communicates with the cavernous sinus.

Nerves of the Face

Trigeminal nerve (V1, V2, V3) and Facial nerve (VII).

Ophthalmic Nerve (V1)

Branch of trigeminal nerve providing supraorbital nerve to frontal skin.

Maxillary Nerve (V2)

Branch of trigeminal nerve providing infraorbital nerve to skin of inferior palpebra, nasal ala, upper lip and mucosa.

Mandibular Nerve (V3)

Branch of trigeminal nerve providing mental nerve to skin of mental portion and lower lip, mucosa.

Facial Nerve

Exits from stylomastoid foramen, passes through the parotid gland, and branches to facial muscles.

Temporal Branches of Facial Nerve

Distributed to frontal muscles.

Zygomatic Branches of Facial Nerve

Distributed to orbicularis oculi muscles.

Buccal Branches of Facial Nerve

Distributed to buccal and orbicularis oris muscles.

Marginal Mandibular Branches of Facial Nerve

Distributed to orbicularis oris muscle.

Cervical Branches of Facial Nerve

Distributed to platysma.

Lymph Nodes of Head

Occipital, mastoid, parotid, submandibular, submental lymph nodes.

Lymphatic Drainage of Head

Lymph nodes drain into deep cervical lymph nodes.

Submandibular Lymph Node

Lies near submandibular gland, receives lymphatic vessels from the face, nose, and mouth.

Lateral Region of the Face

Includes the parotid and masseteric region and the deep part of the face.

Parotid Sheath Character

Connects with the gland tightly, gives off septa dividing the gland into lobules; superficial sheath is thick, deep layer is thin and incomplete.

Parotid Gland Position

Anteroinferior to the external auditory meatus, superior to the zygomatic arch, inferior to the mandibular angle, anterior to masseter muscle, posterior to mastoid process and SCM.

Parotid Gland Shape

Cone-shaped, with base facing external and apex protruding to the parapharyngeal space.

Parotid Gland Division

Divided into superficial and deep parts by facial nerve plexus.

Parotid Duct

Begins from the anterior border of the superficial part of the parotid gland, about 5-7cm long, 1.5cm below zygomatic arch, 3mm in diameter.

Projection of Parotid Duct

Middle 1/3 segment of the line joining intertragic notch with the midpoint of nasolabial sulcus.

Parotid Lymph Nodes

Superficial and deep parotid lymph nodes, draining into lateral cervical lymph nodes.

Structures Piercing the Parotid Gland

Auriculotemporal n., superficial temporal a.&v., external carotid a., retromandibular v., transverse facial a. & v.

Parotid Bed

Structures beneath the deep part of the parotid gland.

Contents of Parotid Bed

Internal carotid artery and jugular vein, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve, hypoglossal and accessory nerve, styloid process and muscles attached to it

Paralysis of Facial Muscles

Loss of frontal wrinkle, inability to close the eye, angle of mouth towards the opposite side.

Trigeminal Nerve branches

Ophthalmic N (V1), Maxillary nerve (V2), Mandibular nerve (V3)

Facial Artery route

From external carotid artery to angular a.(medial angle of the eye).

Facial vein route

from angular v. unites with the ant. branch of retromandibular to common facial v to internal jugular v.

Parotid Lymph nodes drainage

into lateral cervical lymph nodes .

Structures beneath the deep part of the parotid gland form

parotid bed

Lymph nodes of head location

Located at junction of head and neck

Structures in superficial layer of the face

skin, superficial fascia, facial atery and vein, lymph nodes, trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, muscles of expression

Superciliary

Surface Landmark

Supraorbital notch

Surface Landmark

What is the danger area

lies between the root of nose and two angles of mouth; in this area the facial vein has no valves; communicate with cavernous sinus.

What dose not contain facial muscles

Masticatory muscles