Chapter 16 Part 2: DNA Replication, Mutations and Storage

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts in DNA replication and related processes.

DNA Replication

The process by which a cell copies its DNA before cell division.

Semiconservative

Refers to the method of DNA replication in which each new DNA strand contains one original strand and one new strand.

DNA Polymerase

An enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.

Leading Strand

The strand of DNA that is synthesized continuously towards the replication fork.

Lagging Strand

The strand of DNA that is synthesized in short segments away from the replication fork.

Okazaki Fragments

Short sequences of DNA nucleotides synthesized discontinuously and later joined together.

Primase

An enzyme that synthesizes short RNA primers for DNA replication.

Telomeres

Repeated nucleotide sequences at the ends of chromosomes that protect them from degradation.

Telomerase

An enzyme that adds nucleotide sequences to the ends of telomeres, helping to maintain chromosome integrity during cell division.

Replication Fork

The Y-shaped region where the DNA double helix is separated into single strands for replication.