Chap 1 (Cohen)

France

The roots of contemporary psychological testing and assessment can be found in early twentieth century—

Alfred Binet

In 1905, — and a colleague published a test designed to help place Paris schoolchildren in appropriate classes.

assessment center

The OSS model—using an innovative variety of evaluative tools along with data from the evaluations of highly trained assessors—would later inspire what is now referred to as the —- approach to personnel evaluation

psychological assessmen

We define — t as the gathering and integration of psychology-related data for the purpose of making a psychological evaluation that is accomplished through the use of tools such as tests, interviews, case studies, behavioral observation, and specially designed apparatuses and measurement procedures

psychological testing

We define — as the process of measuring psychology-related variables by means of devices or procedures designed to obtain a sample of behavior.

retrospective assessment

, the term — may be defined as the use of evaluative tools to draw conclusions about psychological aspects of a person as they existed at some point in time prior to the assessment.

Remote assessment

— refers to the use of tools of psychological evaluation to gather data and draw conclusions about a subject who is not in physical proximity to the person or people conducting the evaluation

ecological momentary assessment (EMA)

• Psychological assessment by means of smartphones also serves as an example of an approach to assessment called —.

• — refers to the “in the moment” evaluation of specific problems and related cognitive and behavioral variables at the very time and place that they occur.

collaborative psychological assessment,

— the assessor and assessee may work as “partners” from initial contact through final feedback

therapeutic psychological assessment

• One variety of collaborative assessment includes an element of therapy as part of the process. Stephen Finn and his colleagues have described a collaborative approach to assessment called t

• . In that approach, therapeutic self-discovery and new understandings are encouraged throughout the assessment process

dynamic assessment

• In general, — refers to an interactive approach to psychological assessment that usually follows a model of (1) evaluation, (2) intervention of some sort, and (3) evaluation.

• — is most typically employed in educational settings, although it may be employed in correctional, corporate, neuropsychological, clinical, and most any other setting as well

test

• A — may be defined simply as a measuring device or procedure. '

• When the word — is prefaced with a modifier, it refers to a device or procedure designed to measure a variable related to that modifier

psychological test

the term — refers to a device or procedure designed to measure variables related to psychology (such as intelligence, personality, aptitude, interests, attitudes, or values)

format

• The term — pertains to the form, plan, structure, arrangement, and layout of test items as well as to related considerations such as time limits.

• — is also used to refer to the form in which a test is administered: computerized, pencil-and-paper, or some other form.

score

In testing and assessment, we may formally define — as a code or summary statement, usually but not necessarily numerical in nature, that reflects an evaluation of performance on a test, task, interview, or some other sample of behavior

Scoring

— is the process of assigning such evaluative codes or statements to performance on tests, tasks, interviews, or other behavior samples.

cut score

A — is a reference point, usually numerical, derived by judgment and used to divide a set of data into two or more classifications

psychometrics

may be defined as the science of psychological measuremen

psychometrist and psychometrician

(both terms referring to a professional who uses, analyzes, and interprets psychological test data).

utility

 refers to the usefulness or practical value that a test or other tool of assessment has for a particular purpose.

interview

we can define an — as a method of gathering information through direct communication involving reciprocal exchang

motivational interviewing

• A therapeutic technique called — , for example, is used by counselors and clinicians to gather information about some problematic behavior, while simultaneously attempting to address it therapeutically (Bundy, 2004; Miller & Rollnick, 2002).

• — may be defined as a therapeutic dialogue that combines person-centered listening skills such as openness and empathy, with the use of cognition-altering techniques designed to positively affect motivation and effect therapeutic change.

portfolio

Students and professionals in many different fields of endeavor ranging from art to architecture keep files of their work products. These work products—whether retained on paper, canvas, film, video, audio, or some other medium—constitute what is called a — .

Case history data

• — refers to records, transcripts, and other accounts in written, pictorial, or other form that preserve archival information, official and informal accounts, and other data and items relevant to an assessee.

• — may include files or excerpts from files maintained at institutions and agencies such as schools, hospitals, employers, religious institutions, and criminal justice agencies.

case study

• The assembly of case history data, as well as related data, into an illustrative account is referred to by terms such as — or case history.

• We may formally define a — (or case history) as a report or illustrative account concerning a person or an event that was compiled on the basis of case history data

Groupthink

— arises as a result of the varied forces that drive decision-makers to reach a consensus (such as the motivation to reach a compromise in positions).

Role play

may be defined as acting an improvised or partially improvised part in a simulated situation

role-play test

A — is a tool of assessment wherein assessees are directed to act as if they were in a particular situation.

test developers and publishers

— create tests or other methods of assessment

test user

who should have access to (and be permitted to purchase) psychological tests and related tools of psychological assessment.

testtaker

anyone who is the subject of an assessment or an evaluation can be a

psychological autopsy

A — may be defined as a reconstruction of a deceased individual’s psychological profile on the basis of archival records, artifacts, and interviews previously conducted with the deceased assessee or people who knew him or her.

achievement test

— , which evaluates accomplishment or the degree of learning that has taken place

diagnosis

— may be defined as a description or conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and opinion. Typically this conclusion is reached through a process of distinguishing the nature of something and ruling out alternative conclusions

diagnostic test

— refers to a tool of assessment used to help narrow down and identify areas of deficit to be targeted for intervention

protocol

typically refers to the form or sheet or booklet on which a testtaker’s responses are entered

rapport

— may be defined as a working relationship between the examiner and the examinee.