New Testament Unit 1 Test

Bible

The sacred book of Christianity, containing God's written word to humanity. Divided into the Old Testament and New Testament.

Old Testament

The first major section of the Bible, containing 46 books written before Jesus' birth. Tells the story of God's relationship with His chosen people. Originally written in Hebrew. Genesis-Malachi.

New Testament

The second major section of the Bible, containing 27 books written after Jesus' death and resurrection. Focuses on the life of Jesus and the early Christian Church. Originally written in Greek. Matthew-Revalation.

Gospels

Four books (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) that tell the story of Jesus' life, death, and resurrection from different perspectives.

Acts of the Apostles

One book that describes the early history of the Christian Church after Jesus' ascension.

Epistles

Letters written by apostles (especially Paul) to early Christian churches and individuals, providing instruction and encouragement.

Revelation

The final book of the New Testament, containing prophecy about the end times and Jesus' second coming.

Roman Empire

The powerful political system that controlled Palestine during Jesus' time, providing roads, common language (Greek), and relative peace that helped spread the Gospel.

Palestine

The geographical region where Jesus lived and ministered, including Galilee, Samaria, Judea, and Perea.

Apostles

The twelve men chosen by Jesus to be His closest followers and to spread His message after His death and resurrection.

Messiah

The "anointed one" promised in the Old Testament; Christians believe Jesus is this.

Sacred Scripture

Another name for the Bible; the written word of God.

Sacred Tradition

The teachings and practices of the Catholic Church passed down from the apostles through the centuries.

Magisterium

The official teaching authority of the Catholic Church (consists of bishops and the Pope), guided by the Holy Spirit, which helps Catholics understand Scripture correctly.

Canon

The official list of books that make up the Bible, recognized by the Church as inspired by God.

Hermeneutics

The study of how to properly interpret and understand the Bible.

Typology

The study of how Old Testament people, events, and things point forward to or prefigure Jesus and New Testament realities.

Literal Sense

What the text actually says and means in its original historical context; the foundation for all other interpretation.

Spiritual Sense

The deeper meanings of Scripture that point beyond the literal text to spiritual truths.

Allegorical Sense

How the text points to Christ and the Church; what it reveals about Jesus and His mission.

Moral Sense

How the text guides our behavior and teaches us how to live as Christians.

Anagogical Sense

How the text points to eternal life and our ultimate destiny with God in heaven.

Bible etymology

means “book” in greek

Structure of the bible

book:chapter:verse

Which gospel was written first

mark

Roman religion

polytheistic, against monotheism

Roman provision for the spread of gospel

roman roads, greek language

Life & teachings

jesus lived, taught, preached, performed miracles, ascension

Oral tradition

apostles spread stories and message of salvation through word of mouth

Written tradition

holy spirit inspires writers to choose from what was passed down to write about for an audience

Matthew’s audience

jewish christians

Matthew’s structure

familiar to jews

Matthew’s themes

jesus as the messiah, fulfillment of old testament

Mark’s audience

persecuted christians

Mark’s structure

fast paced

Mark’s themes

hope in eternal life, fulfillment of old testament

Luke’s audience

gentile christians

Luke’s structure

long, travel narrative

Luke’s themes

women, poor, vulnerable

John’s audience

jewish and gentile christians

John’s structure

long discourses, book of signs & book of glory

John’s themes

divinity of jesus, love, eternal life

Synoptic

seeing together, matthew, mark, luke

Parables

short story with a twist and a spiritual moral

Miracles

shows god’s power, glimpse of god’s kingdom

Nero

persecuted christians during Mark’s time

64 AD

fire in Rome

Apostate

someone who renounces their religion

baptism of jesus

first event in gospel of mark, both by john the baptist and the holy spirit

temptation of jesus

jesus goes to the desert for 40 days after being baptized

jesus’s humanity

emotion, physical needs, opposition

opposition jesus faces

pharisees, rejection at nazareth

sin

how jesus differs from humans

who people say jesus is

elijah (miracles), prophet (speaks for god), john the baptist (calls for repentance)

mistake people make about jesus

misconstuing his actual role with what people want him to be

who the disciples say jesus is

the messiah

why they can’t call jesus the messiah

wrong expectations

jesus’ role as messiah

suffer, die, resurrect

what a disciple needs to do

suffer, bear one’s cross

disciples misunderstanding and abandoning jesus

turn away children, sleep instead of praying, james and john seeking a place of honor, run away from the cross and not look at him, cut a slaves ear, peter denies jesus

empty tomb story

3 women go to anoint jesus’s body, but the stone is rolled away and a man in white says that he has risen

who jesus appears to after being resurrected

Mary Magdalene, 2 disciples, all 11 apostles at once

what jesus instructs the apostles to do

preach his resurrection and baptize

the difference resurrection makes

makes suffering meaningful,changes cross into a symbol of hope