HG&D Q1

Which of the following was a belief held by John Locke?

c. He believed that the role of the environment or of experience was crucial to a child's conduct.

Processing speed is a key component of ________ intelligence.

fluid

Classical conditioning is a type of learning that

is carried out by repetitive pairing of a stimulus to a response.

The unfolding of genetically determined traits, structures, and functions is called _____.

maturation

The discipline that studies the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth of humans is called _____ psychology.

developmental

A(n) _____ is a carefully drawn account of the behavior of an individual.

case study

Which of the following is a similarity between the psychosexual theory of development and the psychosocial theory of development?

Both theories see children as developing through distinct periods of life.

Which of the following is true of the psychoanalytic perspective of development?

It views children and adults as caught in conflict.

Which of the following is a difference between John Locke's and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's writings?

Locke focused on the role of the environment, whereas Rousseau focused on the expression of natural impulses.

6-month old Collin loves to put everything in his mouth. While playing, he grabs his sister's doll and tries to put 'its head in his mouth to suck on it. He notices right away that the doll's hair tastes bad, so he pulls it out and waves it around instead. In the context of Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory, Collin is displaying _____.

accommodation

The ecological systems theory:

is the view that explains child development in terms of the reciprocal influences between children and environmental settings.

A(n) _____ refers to a condition in a scientific study that is manipulated so that its effects can be observed.

independent variable

_____ refers to Vygotsky's term for temporary cognitive structures or methods of solving problems that help a child as he or she learns to function independently.

Scaffolding

According to John Locke, a child comes into this world as a(n) _____.

blank tablet

Why would longitudinal studies be very effective at helping to identify changes that occur as a function of the passage of time?

Because these studies follow the same group of people over an extended period of time, often with multiple observations made at different intervals.

Jamil is studying children's friendship patterns. He goes to an elementary school and asks the permission of parents to watch their children while they are playing in the playground. He unobtrusively sits down on a bench and records how many invitations each child receives to play and from whom. In the given scenario, which of the following methods of gathering information is Jamil using?

Naturalistic observation

Maturational theorists point out that the environment, even when enriched, _____.

profits us little until we are ready to develop

Which of the following is a limitation of Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory?

Freud placed too much emphasis on basic instincts and unconscious motives.

Sarah has recently become a mother. She believes that she can shape the behavior of her child by focusing on the environment in which her child is raised. Sarah's ideas agree best with those of the philosopher _____.

John Locke

Which of the following is a difference between the nature and nurture explanations of development?

Nature explanations suggest that human behavior is biologically programmed, whereas nurture explanations suggest that human behavior is learned.