Human Geography Ch 3

Remittances

Remittances

Money migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer countries

Reverse remittances

Remittances from foreign lands to the U.S. The struggling migrant asking back home for money.

Cyclic movements

Movement - for example, nomadic migration - that has closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally

Periodic movement

Movement - for example, college attendance or military service - that involves temporary, recurrent relocation

Migration

movement of people from one place to another

Activity spaces

the places we travel to routinely in our rounds of daily activity

Nomadism

Movement among a definite set of places—often cyclic movement

Migrant labor

A common type of periodic movement involving millions of workers in the United States and tens of millions of workers worldwide who cross international borders in search of employment and become immigrants, in many instances

Transhumance

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.

Military service

Another common form of periodic movement involving as many as 10 million United States citizens in a given year, including military personnel and their families, who are moved to new locations where they will spend tours of duty lasting up to several years

International migration

Permanent movement from one country to another.

Forced migration

Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate.

Voluntary migration

Permanent movement undertaken by choice.

Laws of migration

Developed by British demographer Ernst Ravenstein, five laws that predict the flow of migrants.

Gravity model

A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.

Push factors

Factors that induce people to leave old residences.

Pull factors

Factors that induce people to move to a new location.

Distance decay

The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.

Step migration

Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to a town and city

Intervening opportunity

The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away.

Deportation

An official order telling someone to leave a country; expulsion

Kinship links

types of push or pull factors that influence a migrant's decision to go where family or friends have already found success

Chain migration

migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

Immigration wave

Phenomenon whereby different patterns of chain migration build upon one another to create a swell in migration from one origin to the same destination.

Global-scale migration

migration that takes place across international boundaries and between world regions

Explorers

People who travel to new and unfamiliar places in order to learn what these places are like and describe them with words, pictures, and maps.

Colonization

One country taking over another area to be used for their benefit

Regional scale

Interations occuring within a region, in a regional setting.

Islands of development

Place built up by a government or corporation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentrations of paying jobs and infrastructure

Russification

the process of forcing Russian culture on all ethnic groups in the Russian empire

Guest workers

legal immigrant who has work visa, usually short term

Refugees

People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion.

Internally displaced person (IDP)

Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border

Asylum

sanctuary

Repatriation

A refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or a non-governmental organization.

Genocide

Deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group

Immigration laws

Laws and regulations of a state designed specifically to control immigration into that state

Quotas

In reference to migration, laws that place maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year.

Selective immigration

process to control immigration in which individuals with certain backgrounds are barred from immigrating