[PHA 6117 LEC] Resins

Resins physically

• brittle

• amorphous

• hard transparent or translucent products

transparent or translucent

Resins color

volatile oil oxidation

Resins are Products of

petroleum spirit

Resins are Usually insoluble in

alcohol , chloroform and ether

Resins dissolve more or less completely in

soften and finally melt

Resins On heating

Some have pleasant odor and are used in perfumery (balsams)

Resins odor

schizogenous or lysigenous ducts ( resin ducts )

Resins Contained in

• resin cells of bloodroot

• heartwood of guaiacum

• external glands of cannabis

• internal glands of male fern

• glands of lac insect

Resins Can be found in other portions ex .

resin cells

Resins from bloodroot

heartwood

Resins of guaiacum

external glands

Resins of cannabis

internal glands

Resins of male fern

glands

Resins of lac insect

injury sometimes even , not produced until it has been injured )

Resins Yield is usually increased by

use of alcohol, distillation, punctures

Resins Can be isolated by

• Jalap (purgative)

• Podophyllotoxin (antimitotic)

Resins isolated by use of alcohol

• Balsam of Copaiba

• Turpentine

Resins isolated by distillation

Mastic from Pistacia lentiscus

Resins isolated by punctures

Resin acids

• Contain oxyacids

• Form metallic (Ex. Cu, Pb) salts known as resinates

• Used in soaps and varnishes

Resin acids are used in __

soaps and varnishes

resinates

Resin acids contain oxyacids , and form metallic salts known as

abietic acid

Resin acids in rosin

commiphoric acid

Resin acids in myrrh

copaivic acid

Resin acids in copaiba

Resin alcohols

occur in free state and ester forms

aloeresinotannol

Resin alcohols aloe

peruresinotannol and toluresinotannol

Resin alcohols balsams

siaresinotannol and sumaresinotannol

Resin alcohols benzoins

Resenes

• Neutral, do not form salts

• Inactive

• Occur in free state and NEVER form ester or other derivatives

Glycoresins

• Contain sugars

• Active constituents are called glycoside resins

Glycoresins

Jalapin in Jalap

VOLATILE oils ( not fixed )

" oleo- " means

Resins

Category: Mastic

Resins

Category: jalap

Resins

Category: guaiac

Resins

Category: cannabis

Resins

Category: kava

Resins

Category: eriodictyon

Oleoresins

Category: Capsicum

Oleoresins

Category: ginger

Oleoresins

Category: copaiba

Gum Resins

Category: Gamboge

Oleogum Resins

Category: Myrrh

Oleogum Resins

Category: frankincense

Oleogum Resins

Category: Asafetida or Asafoetidaa

Balsams

• Contain balsamic acids

• Major: Benzoic & Cinnamic acids

Balsams

• Peruvian Balsam / Balsam of Peru

• Tolu Balsam

• Benzoin

• Storax

Oleoresins

Category: turpentine

Oleoresins

Category: Balsam of Copaiba

Balsams

Category: Peruvian balsam

Balsams

Category: tolu balsam

Balsams

Category: benzoin

Balsams

Category: storax

Latex

• Consists of polyisoprenes

• NOT RESINS

• More complex chemical mixture produced by distinct secretory tissues within the plant;  separated from resins

• resins + other resinous materials

Latex

• Rubber

• Gutta Percha 

• Chico

Latex

Category: Rubber

Latex

Category: gutta perca

Latex

Category: chico

Pinus palustris ( Pinaceae )

ROSIN / COLOPHONY Scientific Name

Light amber

ROSIN / COLOPHONY fine grade

darker colors

ROSIN / COLOPHONY colors of lesser quality

( + ) and ( - ) pimaric acids

Before distillation, resin of rosin/colophony contains large amounts of

abietic acid

During distillation: 

• (+) pimaric acid stays as is (stable) 

• (-) isomer becomes ___

( + ) - pimaric acid

During distillation , the ____ stays as is

• For adhesive plasters

• Ointments

• Paper adhesives

• Inks

• Rubber

• Linoleum

• Thermoplastic floor tiles

• Surface coating

ROSIN / COLOPHONY Use

Abietic acid

ROSIN / COLOPHONY Constituents

Exogonium purge (now Ipomoea purga )

JALAP Scientific Name

Convolvulaceae

JALAP Family

• Convolvulin

• Exogonic Acid

• Ipurganol: jalapin phytostero

JALAP Constituents

JALAP uses

• Cathartic

• Hydragogue

• Purgative

JALAP allied drugs

• orizaba

• sweet potato

• scammony

Orizaba (Ipomoea orizabensis)

contains jalapinolic acid , orizabins

Sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas )

contains simonins

Scammony ( Convolvulus scammonia )

contains scammonins

Orizaba

Ipomoea orizabensis

Sweet potato

Ipomoea batatas

Scammony

Convolvulus scammonia

ROSIN / COLOPHONY

Pinus palustris

American mandrake

MAYAPPLE Synonyms

Podophyllum peltatum ( Berberidaceae )

MAYAPPLE Scientific Name

• Flavolignan Podophyllotoxin

• peltatin

MAYAPPLE Constituents

• antimitotic for papillomas

• cis form is inactive:   picropodophyllin

• Derivatives in clinical use: etoposide and teniposide  (semi-synthetic compounds, DNA topoisomerase-2 inhibitors)

MAYAPPLE Use (phodophyllotoxin)

purgative

MAYAPPLE Use (peltatin)

picropodophyllin

The cis form of podophyllotoxin

etoposide and teniposide

Podophyllotoxin Derivatives in clinical use include

cis

form of podophyllotoxin ( picropodophyllin ) inactive

Resina almaciaga

MASTIC Synonyms

Pistacia lentiscus

MASTIC Scientific Name

Anacardiaceae

MASTIC Family

• Pinenes

• Camphene

• Masticin AKA B-resin

• Mastichic acid AKA A-resin

MASTIC Constituents

• Back then by oriental women: breath sweetener

• Dental varnish to seal cavities 

• Protective agent for stomach

• In MedTech: Microscopical mountant (as compound mastic paint)

MASTIC Use

Indian hemp

Hashish

Pot

MARIJUANA Synonyms

Cannabis sativa

MARIJUANA Scientific Name

Moraceae

MARIJUANA Family

Cannabinols ( most active - THC )

MARIJUANA Constituents

THC

Cannabinols most active

• THC-dominant

• Psychoactive

MARIJUANA Drug type

• Cannabidiol (CBD)-dominant

• Mild anticonvulsant

• Therapeutic

• Used for ropes

MARIJUANA Hemp type

THC analog for treatment of nausea

MARIJUANA Dronabinol