DAAT Pre-Test

What do each of the letters stand for in the RESPOND model?

Report, Evaluate, Stabilize, Preserve, Organize, Normalize, Document/Debrief

What are the three major components of Disturbance Resolution?

Approach Considerations, Intervention Options, Follow-through Considerations

What are the Three parts to Approach Considerations?

Decision-Making, Tactical Deployment, Tactical Evaluation

What are the two parts to Decision-Making?

Justification and Desirability

What are the four parts to Tactical Deployment?

Control of Distance, Relative Positioning, Relative Positioning with Multiple Subjects, Team Tactics

What are the four parts to Tactical Evaluation?

Threat Assessment Opportunities, Officer/Subject Factors, Special Circumstances, Level/Stage/Degree of Stabilization

What are the five key rules for use of force?

1. The purpose for use of force is to gain control in pursuit of a legitimate law enforcement objective. If verbalization is effective in gaining control, it is always preferable to physical force.

2. You may initially use the level and degree of force that is objectively reasonable to achieve control. You need not escalate step-by-step through the Intervention Options.

3. At any time, if the level of force you are using is not effective to gain control, you may disengage and/or escalate to a higher level of force. This involves transitioning to a different level of force or different tactics based on the totality of circumstances.

4. Once you have gained control of a subject, you must de-escalate the level of force to that needed to maintain control.

5. You must always maintain a position of advantage.

What is Control?

A perception based on an officer’s training, experience, and the fact situation.

Proper Police Action balances what two things?

Safety and Efficiency

What are the 5 parts of Threat Assessment Options?

1. Level of Resistive Tension

2. Early Warning Signs

3. Pre-Attack Postures

4. Indications of Mental Illness, Emotional Disturbance, or Medically Significant Behavior.

5. Weapon Control Factors

What is the Definition of Resistive Tension?

The level of agitation in a Subject’s body

What is the definition of an Early Warning Sign?

Signals or certain behaviors provided by a subject that are often associated with a high level of danger to officers.

What are the 5 early warning signs?

If the subject

1. Conspicuously ignores you

2. Gives you excessive emotional attention

3. Moves in an exaggerated way

4. Ceases all Movement

5. Has a known violent history

What is the definition of a pre-attack posture?

A behavior which may indicate an imminent threat of physical assault.

What are the five Pre-Attack postures?

1. Boxer Stance

2. Hand Set / Clenched Fists

3. Shoulder Shift, or rolling the shoulders forward as if preparing to attack

4. Target Glace - Looking at a potential target (such as your gun)

5. The “Thousand-Yard Stare” - A direct, continuous, but unfocused stare

What are the five Officer/Subject Factors?

1. Numbers

2. Age

3. Size

4. Relative Strength

5. Skill Level

What is the definition of Special Circumstances?

Factors or Situations which may justify a rapid escalation of force, or selection of higher force options.

What are the nine Special Circumstances?

1. Reasonable Perception of Threat

2. Special Knowledge of the Subject

3. Sudden Assaults

4. Subject’s Ability to escalate force rapidly

5. Your Physical positioning

6. Injury or Exhaustion

7. Equipment or Training

8. Availability of Backup

9. Other Special Circumstances

What are the five modes within Intervention Options?

1. Presence

2. Dialog

3. Control Alternatives

4. Protective Alternatives

5. Deadly Force

What are the three stances within the Presence Mode?

1. Open Stance

2. Ready Stance

3. Defensive Stance

What are the four types of Dialog?

1. Search Talk

2. Persuasion

3. Light Control Talk

4. Heavy Control Talk

What is the purpose of Control Alternatives?

To overcome passive resistance, active resistance, or their threats.

What is Passive Resistance? Active Resistance?

Passive Resistance is non-compliant but non-threatening behavior, while Active Resistance is behavior which physically counteracts an officer’s control efforts and which creates a risk of bodily harm to the officer, subject, and/or other persons.

What are the four tactics/tools under Control Alternatives? and their goals?

1. Escort Holds - Safely Initiate Physical Contact

2. Compliance Holds - Overcome Passive Resistance

3. Control Devices - Overcome Active Resistance

4. Passive Countermeasures - Decentralize

What is the purpose of Protective Alternatives?

To overcome continued resistance, assaultive behavior, or their threats.

What is Continued Resistance? Assaultive Behavior?

1. Continued Resistance - Maintaining a level of counteractive behavior that is not controlled with the officer’s current level of force.

2. Assaultive Behavior - Direct actions or conduct that generates bodily harm to the officer(s) and/or another person(s).

What are the three tactics/tools under Protective Alternatives? and their goals?

1. Active Countermeasures - Create temporary dysfunction of an actively resistive or assaultive subject.

2. Incapacitating Techniques - Cause immediate, temporary cessation of violent behavior.

3. Intermediate Weapon - Impede a subject, preventing him or her from continuing resistive, assaultive, or otherwise dangerous behavior.

What is the purpose of Deadly Force?

To stop the threat.

What is the definition of Deadly Force?

The intentional use of a firearm or other instrument that creates a high probability of death or great bodily harm.

What is the justification for the use of deadly force?

A subject exhibits behavior which has caused or imminently threatens to cause death or great bodily harm to you or another person or persons.

What are the three criteria that a suspect must meet to be considered an “imminent threat” requiring a deadly force response?

1. Intent

2. A Weapon

3. A Delivery System

What is the Unarmed Danger zone? Club/Edge Weapon? Firearm?

1. Unarmed - Less than 10 Feet

2. Club / Edge - Any distance where the officer reasonably perceives an imminent threat of death or great bodily harm.

3. In line of sight unbroken by cover.

What are the three target requirements?

1. Target Acquisition

2. Target Identification

3. Target Isolation

What is the exception to Target Isolation?

“Greater Danger” - When the consequence of not stopping the threat is worse than the possibility of hitting an innocent person or persons.

What is the definition of preclusion?

The reasonable belief that all other options have been exhausted or would be ineffective.