VEM 015: Cardiovascular System

The heart sac; encloses the heart

Pericardium

Plays a major function in protection and maintenance

Pericardium

Relatively thin

Pericardium

Outer layer of the pericardium

Fibrous pericardium

Inner layer of the pericardium

Serous pericardium

Maintains the heart in a fixed position

Pericardium

Protects the heart from infection and adhesion

Pericardium

Regulates the stroke volume

Pericardium

Components of the cardial wall

Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium

Muscle of the heart

Myocardium

Shape of the heart of the dog

Cone-shaped, blunt apex

Location of the heart of the dog

Obliquely placed in the thorax; from third rib to to the seventh rib

Partially encircling the heart

Coronary groove

Indicate the interventricular septum

Interventricular groove

Left side of the interventricular groove

Paraconal groove

Right side of the interventricular groove

Subsinousal groove

Right border

Atrial

Left border

Auricular

Receives blood from the cranial and caudal vena cava

Right atrium

Conveys blood to the lungs

Right ventricle

Receives the oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins

Left atrium

Pumps the blood out to the rest of the body

Left ventricle

Thickest myocardium

Left side

First valve

Tricuspid

Location of the pulmonary valve

Right

Location of the aortic valve

Left

Connects the leaflets of AV valve to the papillary muscle

Chorda tendinae

PMI

Point of maximal intensity

Through the right side of the heart to the lungs

Pulmonary circulation

Through the left side of the heart to the heart itself and to the rest of the body

Systemic circulation

Process where the lungs oxygenate blood

Gasseous exchange

Consequence from a torn chorda tendinae

Regurgitation

Main arterial supply of the heart

Coronary artery

Supplies blood to the brain

Internal carotid artery

Supplies blood to the face

External carotid artery

Receives gastroduodenal and splenic veins

Portal vein

Brings blood to the liver

Portal vein

Layers of the serous pericardium

Parietal layer Visceral layer

Forms the right dorsocranial part of the base of the heart

Right atrium

Crescent shaped in cross section

Right ventricle

Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium

Right ventricle

Forms the left dorsocaudal part of the base

Left atrium

Conical shape

Left ventricle

Thick wall

Left ventricle

Partition that separates that separates the left and right atria of the heart

Atrial septum

Partition that separates that separates the left and right ventricle of the heart

Ventricular septum

Openings of the right atrium

Cranial vena cava Caudal vena cava Coronary sinus Right atrioventricular orifice

Openings of the left atrium

Pulmonary veins Left atrioventricular opening

Openings of the left ventricle

Aortic orifice

Other name for the tricuspid valve

Right atrioventricular valve

Cusps of the tricuspid valve

Parietal cusp Septal cusp Angular cusp

Valves of the pulmonary valve

Right semilunar valve Left semilunar valve Intermediate semilunar valve

Other name for the bicuspid valve

Left atrioventricular valve

Cusps of the bicuspid valve

Parietal cusp Septal cusp

Valves of the aortic valve

Right semilunar valve Left semilunar valve Intermediate semilunar valve

Cone-shaped muscles located in the ventricles of the heart; attached to the chordae tendinae

Papillary muscles

Sound 1

Closure of the atrioventricular valve

Sound 2

Closure of the aortic and pulmonic valve

Sound 3

Ventricular filling

Sound 4

Atrial sound, atrial contraction

Point of maximal intensity: pulmonary valve

3rd intercostal space

Point of maximal intensity: aortic valve

4th intercostal space

Point of maximal intensity: bicuspid valve

5th intercostal space

Point of maximal intensity: tricuspid valve

4th intercostal space on the right side of the thorax

Valve with it's maximal intensity on the 3rd intercostal space

Pulmonary valve

Valve with it's maximal intensity on the 4th intercostal space

Aortic valve

Valve with it's maximal intensity on the 5th intercostal space

Bicuspid valve

Valve with it's maximal intensity on the 4th intercostal space on the right thorax

Tricuspid valve

Pulmonary circulation

Right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary trunk - pulmonary arteries - pulmonary alveoli - pulmonary vein - left atrium

Systemic circulation

Left atrium - left ventricle - aorta arterioles - capillary bed - smaller venules - veins - major veins - right atrium

First branch of aorta

Coronary artery

Artery following the right coronary artery

Subsinousal interventricular branch

Artery following the left coronary artery

Paraconal interventricular branch & circumflex branch

One of the three parts of the aorta

Aortic arch

2 major arteries that arise from the aortic arch

Brachiocephalic trunk Left subclavian artery

Artery following the brachiocephalic trunk

Common carotid artery

Arteries following the common carotid artery

Internal carotid artery External carotid artery

Arteries following the subclavian artery

Left and right subclavian artery

Supplies blood to the thorax and thoracic limb

Left and right subclavian artery

Branches of the subclavian artery

Vertebral artery Costocervical trunk Deep cervical artery Superficial cervical artery Internal thoracic artery Axillary artery

Air passages of respiratory tract, lung tissue

Bronchial arteries

Pericardium

Pericardial arteries

Esophagus

Esophageal arteries

Mediastinal structures

Mediastinal arteries

Vertebrae, spinal cord, back muscles, body wall, skin

Intercostal arteries

Vertebrae, spinal cord, back muscles, body wall, skin, diaphragm

Superior phrenic arteries

Unpaired branches of the thoracic aorta

Bronchial arteries Pericardial arteries Esophageal arteries Mediastinal arteries

Paired branches of the thoracic aorta

Intercostal arteries Superior phrenic arteries

Paired branches of the abdominal aorta

Inferior phrenic arteries Adrenal arteries Renal arteries Gonadal arteries Lumbar arteries Common iliac arteries

Unpaired arteries of the abdominal aorta

Celiac trunk Superior messenteric artery Inferior messenteric artery

Arteries of the celiac trunk

Left gastric artery Splenic artery Common hepatic artery

Diaphragm, inferior portion of esophagus

Inferior phrenic arteries

Adrenal glands

Adrenal arteries

Kidneys

Renal arteries

Testes or ovaries

Gonadal arteries

Vertebrae, spinal cord, abdominal wall, lumbar region

Lumbar arteries

Stomach, adjacent portion of esophagus

Left gastric artery

Spleen, stomach, pancreas

Splenic artery

Liver, stomach, gallbladder, duodenum, pancreas

Common hepatic artery

Pancreas, small intestine, appendix, first two-thirds of large intestine

Superior messenteric artery