Lecture 15 Psychological Disorders

What is the significance of the DSM manual in diagnosing psychological disorders?

The DSM manual provides accepted criteria for diagnosing psychological disorders, ensuring uniformity in diagnosis and treatment worldwide.

What is the difference between feeling 'blue' and being clinically diagnosed with depression?

Feeling 'blue' is a temporary mood state, while clinical depression requires meeting specific diagnostic criteria.

What constitutes abnormal behavior in the context of psychological disorders?

Abnormal behavior is defined as any behavior that deviates from what is considered normal, which can vary across cultures.

How does cultural context influence perceptions of abnormal behavior?

Cultural differences can lead to varying interpretations of behaviors, where norms in one culture may be seen as abnormal in another.

What are the three perspectives used to explain psychological disorders?

The three perspectives are biological, cognitive, and psychosocial.

What does the biopsychosocial perspective encompass regarding psychological disorders?

It includes biological factors (like genetics), cognitive processes, and social influences (such as cultural norms) in understanding psychological disorders.

When is the last class meeting before the exam?

The last class meeting before the exam is on April 7th.

What is due on April 14th?

A take-home assignment is due on April 14th.

What is the purpose of having a common diagnostic tool for psychological disorders?

A common diagnostic tool allows for consistent diagnosis and treatment across different countries, facilitating care when traveling.

What is a personality disorder characterized by?

A personality disorder is characterized by maladaptive behavior patterns that significantly impair functioning.

What date will the study group take place?

The study group will take place the following Wednesday and Thursday after the practice quizzes.

What is the importance of recognizing psychological disorders in society?

Recognizing psychological disorders is important as many people are affected directly or indirectly, and it helps in understanding and addressing these issues.

What is the exam date for Exam 4?

Exam 4 is scheduled for April 7th.

Why is it important for doctors in different countries to use the same diagnostic criteria?

Using the same diagnostic criteria allows doctors to provide consistent care and treatment, even when patients travel abroad.

What is an example of how cultural differences can affect the perception of behavior?

Certain rituals or foods that are normal in one culture may be viewed as abnormal or strange by people from another culture.

What is the role of genetics in understanding psychological disorders?

Genetics can influence the biological aspects of psychological disorders, contributing to their development.

What is the significance of the study guide mentioned in the notes?

The study guide will be posted prior to the study group to help students prepare.

What is the relationship between psychological disorders and symptoms experienced by individuals?

Individuals may experience symptoms of psychological disorders that can impact their daily lives and those around them.

What is the purpose of practice quizzes mentioned in the notes?

Practice quizzes are intended to help students prepare for the upcoming exam.

How does globalization impact the need for common diagnostic tools in psychology?

Globalization increases travel and migration, necessitating a common language for diagnosis to ensure effective treatment across borders.

What does 'maladaptive' refer to in the context of personality disorders?

Maladaptive refers to behaviors that are not conducive to adapting well to the environment or functioning effectively.

What is the date of the next class meeting after the exam?

There is no class meeting on April 10th.

What is the expected outcome of understanding psychological disorders for students?

Students are expected to gain insights into the complexities of psychological disorders and their impact on individuals and society.

What characterizes a personality disorder?

A maladaptive, inflexible way of engaging with the environment and other people, leading to issues in daily life and relationships.

What are some common types of disorders associated with personality changes?

Anxiety disorders, mood disorders, impulse control disorders, and substance abuse disorders.

What percentage of the general population suffers from anxiety disorders?

70% of people.

What are common symptoms of anxiety?

Constant tension, excessive worrying without rational basis, increased heart rate, and shallow breathing.

What is rumination in the context of anxiety?

Constantly thinking about previous negative thoughts, often leading to increased anxiety.

How can anxiety affect daily life?

It can interrupt daily activities, such as going to work or maintaining relationships.

What personal experience did the speaker share regarding anxiety?

The speaker experienced severe anxiety while driving on the freeway, particularly due to responsibilities as a parent.

What physical symptoms did the speaker experience due to anxiety?

Low blood pressure, giddiness, and a nagging feeling of tension.

What coping mechanism did the speaker use to address their anxiety while driving?

Drinking Gatorade to increase blood pressure.

What advice did the speaker receive from their doctor regarding anxiety?

To take a small dose of medication and to analyze the fears causing the anxiety.

What is a suggested method for facing anxiety?

Identifying and confronting the fears that trigger anxiety.

What can excessive worrying lead to in terms of anxiety?

It can exacerbate feelings of tension and fear.

What is the relationship between anxiety and personality change?

Anxiety can lead to changes in personality that are maladaptive.

How did the speaker's past experiences influence their anxiety?

The speaker's fear of losing their children was influenced by the early loss of their mother.

What is the importance of analyzing one's fears in managing anxiety?

Understanding the root causes of anxiety can help in developing coping strategies.

What role does facing fears play in overcoming anxiety?

Confronting fears can help reduce anxiety symptoms.

What is a common trigger for anxiety mentioned by the speaker?

Driving on the freeway.

What emotional state is often associated with anxiety?

A constant feeling of tension.

What can be a consequence of maladaptive personality changes due to anxiety?

Problems in relationships both at work and at home.

What is a common misconception about discussing anxiety in a group setting?

That discussing anxiety implies that participants have anxiety.

How can anxiety manifest physically?

Through symptoms like increased heart rate and feelings of faintness.

What is a practical step to take when feeling anxious about performance?

Work hard and adjust your schedule to manage stress.

What is a common response to anxiety that some individuals experience?

Many individuals may feel the need to keep working to avoid succumbing to their anxiety.

What personal action did the speaker take to cope with their anxiety?

The speaker wrote a will to address their fears about dying and its impact on their children.

What is the difference between treating symptoms of anxiety and addressing its root causes?

Treating symptoms often involves medication, which only provides temporary relief, while addressing root causes requires understanding the underlying issues.

What can happen if anxiety is not properly addressed?

It can lead to deeper issues such as depression and increased medication needs.

How can medications like Ritalin affect young individuals diagnosed with ADHD?

They may feel different due to stigma, which can lead to increased anxiety and depression.

What are some physical symptoms of anxiety mentioned in the notes?

Palpitations, increased heart rate, shallow breathing, migraines, and fainting.

What is the optimal amount of stress according to the notes?

An optimal amount of stress is necessary for motivation and facing challenges.

What can excessive anxiety lead to if left untreated?

It can develop into panic disorder, characterized by frequent anxiety attacks.

What are some symptoms of panic disorder?

Rapid breathing, increased heart rate, chest pains, sweating, and faintness.

How does social anxiety manifest in individuals?

It can cause feelings of inadequacy, fear of social interactions, and fear of missing out (FOMO).

What is performance anxiety and how is it related to social anxiety?

Performance anxiety is tied to body image and how individuals perceive themselves in social situations.

What is a potential consequence of untreated anxiety over time?

It can hinder enjoyment of life and lead to social withdrawal.

What is the relationship between anxiety and irritability?

Increased anxiety can lead to irritability and fatigue.

How does anxiety affect university students specifically?

Many university students experience social anxiety, which can impact their social interactions and performance.

What does the speaker suggest about the normalcy of anxiety?

A normal amount of anxiety is acceptable, but excessive anxiety is problematic.

What is the importance of recognizing anxiety symptoms?

Being aware of anxiety symptoms is crucial for addressing and managing them effectively.

What role does fear play in the experience of anxiety?

Fear can exacerbate anxiety, leading to avoidance behaviors and increased worry.

How can anxiety impact a person's social life?

It can lead to avoidance of social situations and feelings of loneliness.

What is the significance of addressing the root cause of anxiety?

Understanding the root cause can lead to more effective long-term solutions rather than temporary fixes.

What is the cycle that can occur with medication for anxiety?

Individuals may become dependent on increasing doses of medication as their anxiety worsens.

What is hyperventilation and how is it related to anxiety?

Hyperventilation is a state linked to strong autonomic responses during severe anxiety or panic attacks.

What can excessive worry lead to in terms of physical health?

It can cause migraines and other physical symptoms.

What is the speaker's perspective on providing solutions for anxiety?

The speaker emphasizes understanding the development of anxiety rather than offering direct solutions.

What is hyperventilation?

A state of rapid deep breathing linked to anxiety.

What is agoraphobia?

An excessive fear of open or public places.

What is social phobia?

Severe avoidance of other people and activities in public.

What is a common fear that can interfere with normal living?

Phobias, such as fear of throwing up or deep water.

What is claustrophobia?

A phobia characterized by an intense fear of enclosed spaces.

What are some common phobias mentioned?

Fear of snakes, spiders, heights, and needles.

What is the genetic component of phobias?

Phobias can be learned through observation of parents or family members.

What is exposure therapy?

A treatment for phobias that involves gradual exposure to the feared object or situation.

What is systematic desensitization?

A method of exposure therapy where the patient is slowly introduced to their fear.

What is the first step in exposure therapy for someone afraid of snakes?

Showing a picture of a snake.

How does nurture contribute to phobias?

Experiences and reactions observed in childhood can exacerbate fears.

What can cause a person to faint during a medical procedure?

Anxiety and not drinking enough water before the procedure.

What is a common reaction of individuals with phobias when faced with their fear?

They may experience anxiety or panic attacks.

What is a potential reason someone might be okay with medical procedures for others but not for themselves?

Personal anxiety or past negative experiences related to the procedure.

What can happen if someone with a phobia faces their fear too quickly?

They may experience increased anxiety or panic.

What role does observation play in the development of phobias?

Children may learn to fear something by watching their parents react fearfully.

What is a common fear related to medical procedures?

Fear of needles or blood draws.

What is a potential effect of having a phobia of snakes?

Avoidance of areas where snakes might be present.

How can phobias affect a person's daily life?

They can lead to severe avoidance behaviors and interfere with normal activities.

What is a common coping mechanism for someone with a phobia?

Avoiding situations that trigger their fear.

What is the significance of hydration before medical procedures?

Not being hydrated can lead to dizziness or fainting during procedures.

What is the relationship between anxiety and phobias?

Anxiety often accompanies phobias, leading to strong autonomic responses.

What might a person with a phobia of heights experience in an elevator?

Intense fear or panic.

What incident triggered the student's fear of snakes?

The student encountered a snake sitting on a chair in an empty classroom.

How did the professor respond to the student's reaction to the snake?

The professor remarked that as a life sciences student, the student should not be running away.

What coping mechanism did the student develop after the snake incident?

The student began to go to campus with someone else due to increased fear.

What is the student's perspective on the probability of encountering a snake again?

The student questions the probability of facing a snake in life, suggesting it's rare.

What are some common phobias mentioned that can interfere with daily life?

Phobias such as fear of flying in airplanes or fear of driving.

What is systemic desensitization?

A therapeutic method that gradually introduces the feared stimulus to reduce anxiety.

What disorder is discussed in relation to Howie Mandel?

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD).

How does Howie Mandel's OCD affect his daily interactions?

He avoids shaking hands, touching doorknobs, and sometimes even being with his family.

What is Howie Mandel's trademark gesture to avoid germs?

He uses a fist bump instead of shaking hands.