biology 😈😉🐺

Helicase

Which enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds that holds the bases together and causes it to unzip?

Single Stranded Binding Proteins

What enzyme is responsible for stabilizing the exposed bases on the unzipped DNA

DNA Polymerase III

 What enzyme builds the new DNA stand by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the RNA primer

DNA Polymerase I

What enzyme replaces DNA Polymerase III and removes the RNA primers?

Ligase

What enzyme is responsible for zipping and twisting back up the DNA?

Topoisomerase

What enzyme breaks a phosphodiester bond and causes the DNA to untwist?

RNA Polymerase

What enzyme is responsible fro building the RNA primers during the replication process?

DNA Gyrase

What is responsible for relieving the stress and strain on the untwisting DNA strand?

Deoxyribose and phosphate

The backbone of DNA is made up of

Okazaki fragments

Short sections of DNA formed by the lagging strand

Chargaff’s Rule

Some amount of Adenine as there is Thymine and same amount of Guanine as there is Cytosine

Genetic code

Dictionary, alphabet, and encyclopedia of your DNA and RNA

DNA

Contains bases ATCG

RNA

Contains bases AUCG

Codons

three letter words the genetic code is broken into; there are 64 total and each on codes for an amino acid; degenerate

AUG

universal start; codes for met

UGA, UAA, UAG

3 stop codons

Gene Expression

DNA —> mRNA —> Protein

Transcription

turns DNA into mRNA; happens in nucleus; steps include Initiation, Elongation, and Termination

Translation

Turns mRNA into Protein, happens in the ribosomes

RNA

Single stranded, contains ribose

DNA

Double stranded, contains deoxyribose

mRNA (messenger RNA)

codes for protein, comes from DNA

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

4 of these make up eukaryotic ribosomes; prokaryotes have 3

tRNA (transfer RNA)

carry amino acids into ribosomes