Board Q review

The spleen is apart of what system

Reticuloendothelial system

If the patient has RCC, what other vessels should be evaluated for tumor

Renal Veins, IVC, HV’s

What is RCC

Renal Cell Carcinoma: Most common kidney cancer, starts in the tubules

Pheochromocytoma

Rare and usually benign adrenal gland tumor. It causes excessive hormone production.

Caroli disease

Rare congenital condition characterized by segmental dilation of large, intrahepatic biles ducts. This appears are cysts on imaging

Pyloric stenosis

Narrowing of the pyloric canal

Symptoms: Projectile vomiting, no weight gain and sever abdominal pain

Intussusception

Bowel tunneling on itself

Symptoms: Vomiting, sever abdominal pain and, “jelly-like” red mucus stool

May Thurner Syndrome (MTS)

Affects the bloody flow. Occurs when the left iliac vein is compressed by the right iliac artery. This impedes blood flow to the heart and can cause swelling of the legs, DVT and other clots, and non-healing sores/discoloration.

Is treated with shunts

Medullary sponge kidney

Birth defect

Tiny cysts formed in the tubules within the medulla. This can cause hematuria, stones and UTI’s.

Choledochal cyst

Rare, congenital dilation of the bile ducts.

Highest risk of AAA

Occurs most commonly in med over the age of 65 and smokers.

Genetic conditions linked to AAA: Marfans syndrome and Ehlers-Danilo’s syndrome.

What is AAA

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Localized dilation of the abdominal aorta, usually greater than 3cm in diameter or more than 1.5 times the diameter of the proximal aorta.

Usually develops below the renal arteries

What is a dissection

Dissections occurs when the force of blood pumping splits the arterial wall layers, allowing blood to leak in between the walls.

True aneurysm vs false

True: aneurysm lined by all 3 layers of the AO

False (pesudoaneurysm): Not lined by all 3 layers.

Saccular vs Fusiform aneurysm

Saccular: Shows sudden transition between normal and abnormal. Somewhat spherical and longer

Fusiform: Gradual transition between normal and abnormal. “Football-like” shape

GE junction location

Where the esophagus and stomach connect

What does a TIPS shunt connect

The PV’s and HV’s to redirect flow in the liver- takes pressure off and relieves some hypertension.

What is the cause of physic flow in the HV’s

Caused by pressure changes in the right atrium of the heart. This is because the HV’s dump directly into the IVC near the heart

What is the largest zone of the prostate?

The peripheral zone

Where does the superior thyroid artery arise from?

The ECA

What is this image demonstrating?

Parathyroid adenoma (Likely benign)

What is the most common thyroid malignancy?

Papillary carcinoma; 70% of all thyroid cancers

What is this image demonstraating

Splenic lymphoma: rare slow-growing, b-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

• Also will demonstrate splenomegaly

What is this image demonstrating?

Splenic abscess

What is this image demonstrating?

Breast abscess

What is this image demonstrating?

Breast hematoma

What is this image demonstrating?

Pleural Effusion

What is this image demonstrating?

Pulmonary abscess

What is the difference between pleural effusion and ascities

Pleural effusion occurs within the pleural space; between the chest wall and lung: above the diaphragm

Ascities occurs within the peritoneal (abdominal) space: below the diaphragm

What is this image demonstrating

CT image of horseshoe kidney

Name the locations on this image

The celiac branch trifurcates into?

Common Hepatic artery, Splenic artery, Left Gastric

The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of?

The common hepatic artery

What do the coronary ligaments connect the liver to?

The diaphragm

What vessels are in the portal triad?

The CHA, CBD and PV

Normal CBD measurment

Adult: 6mm or less (at 60 y.o. Measurement will increase by 1mm per decade)

Child: 4mm

Neonate: 1mm or less

Normal adult liver measurment

15-20cm (L)

Normal kidney measurement

Adult: 9-12cm L

Child: 7-8cm L

Infant: 5-6cm L

Neonate: 3.3-5cm L

Normal GB all measurement

Adult: 3mm or less

Normal thyroid measurement

Adult: 4-6cm L

Ped: 2-3cm L

Normal isthmus measurement

0.2-0.6 cm H