Psy 203 Unit 3

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66 Terms

1
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the larger the _______,__ the more closely it resembles the _______ it represents
sample, population
2
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what does WEIRD stand for?
western educated industrial rich democratic
3
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having a sample that is representative of the population helps to increase the ________ validity
external
4
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this type of sampling is when every member of the population has and equal chance and random selection will be used
probability
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As this aspect increases, standard error decreases
sample size
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As the ______ size increases, standard error increases
population
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as this aspect of scores increases, standard error increases
variability
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________ ____________ sampling involves all elements having an equal probability of being selected
simple random
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this type of sampling means that there’s no way to know the likelihood of an element being included in the sample
nonprobability
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this type of sampling uses whatever participants are readily available
convenience
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this type of sampling involves specifying a number of people in a sample for a particular characteristic
quota
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this type of sampling involves having one of more specific predefined groups being sought
purposive
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this type of sampling begins by identifying someone who meets the criteria and then getting them to recruit more people
snowball
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this type of bias is when a sample participants only include those who are highly motivated or are particularly interested in the topic. This is a major concern for volunteer sampling.
self-selection
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A 0 of this means a weak correlation while a 1 or -1 means its strong
magnitude
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This is a connection between at least two topics that is not controlled enough to be called a cause/effect
correlation
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what are the 3 conditions for cause and effects?
Direction, Association, Isolation
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this condition for cause and effect relationships is about the temporal ordering of events
direction
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this condition for cause and effect relationships is about is the cause and effect are connected
association
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this condition for cause and effect relationships is about ruling out thirst variables
isolation
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this problem for cause and effect relationships comes about because of unknown aspects that could effect the outcomes that are not accounted for
third variable
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this is the extent to which we can generalize a current study to the setting/population of interest
external validity
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this type of study looks for DV’s w/out research and takes place outside of the lab
natural
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____ ______ is a type of observational study that involves looking at physical aspects that people leave behind that indicates their behavior
physical traces
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This type of observational study involves selecting, recording, and encoding a set of natural behaviors or other occurring phenomena
naturalistic
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In this type of study participants respond to something happening, aka the experiment may influence the participants actions
reactive
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in this type of study a participant doesn’t change how they respond to a stimulus
nonreactive
28
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this type of bias has coders become less reliable over time
observer drift
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this type of bias has a focus on the overall ratings instead of specific ratings
halo
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this type of observational study has the observer join the group in the study to be as close as possible to the measured behavior
participant
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this type of data analysis involves summarizing descriptive measures such as frequency counts, means, and SD’s
quantitative
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this type of data analysis involves coding behaviors according to specific criteria
qualitative
33
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this type of research is done by combining results of old studies
meta analysis
34
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this type of research is conducted using old data bases, like GPA collections or the census and doing analysis
archival
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analyzing things over time, naivety of participants, large-scale measurements, double checking, and normally having a strong external validity are all advantages of this type of research
archival
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the census is an example of this type of archive
statistical
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True or False: you almost always need IRB approval to use archival data
False
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Case studies and single subject experimental designs are all examples of this type of research design
small N
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this type of research design helps look at validity in individual subjects instead of large samples
Small N
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______ ____ is a method of intensive description and analysis of a single individual or event
case study
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single subject designs are most commonly found in what type of analysis
applied behavior
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this type of design involves looking at baseline behavior, giving a treatment and seeing if it effect the behavior, taking the tx away to see if the change is long term or if there is a return to the baseline, and then, normally, a return of the treatment
ABAB
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this type of design is a take on the ABAB design and involves getting rid of the treatment after the second baseline/a period
withdrawal
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this type of reporting requires the participant to report the data
self
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this type of self-report survey allows the responder to have unrestrained verbal or written answers
open-ended
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this type of self-report survey gives the responder 2+ options and has them choose the closet to their belief/attitude
close-ended
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this type of report has other people, not the person your studying, report information
informant
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relevance, availability, detection, and utilization are all aspects that feed into what model?
realistic accuracy
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what does RAM stand for?
realistic accuracy model
50
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this type of sensitive question could get wrong responses because the answers would be none of the researchers business
intrusive
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this type of sensitive question could get wrong responses because the respondent could get in trouble
disclosure poses a treat
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this type of sensitive question could get wrong responses because the answer violates social norms
socially unacceptable
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which measurement scale do psychological researchers assume/pretend likest-type scales are?
interval
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this type of scale takes worded responses and associates a participants response on the scale as a number
summated rating
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this response style has a general tendency to agree with all the statements regardless of content
acquiescent
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this type of scoring is a good way to combat acquiescent response style
reverse
57
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this is a test run of a study you would like to conduct
pilot
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what range is best for the number of response options?
6-7
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is it better to have an even or odd number of options
no advantage
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do visual analog scale offer any advantages over traditional likert type items
no advantage
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online survey’s typically sacrifice _____ validity to possible increase _____ validity
internal, external
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this type of sampling focuses on sampling from shared experiences
event
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this event sampling strategy could happen by a device going off for random people, participants being asked to record their thoughts, or other timers
random
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this event sampling strategy could happen by answering a short questionnaire after an event or participant determined response timing
event contingent
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this resource is a survey program ran by amazon
mechanical turk
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this form of operations says its best to understand behavior using multiple studies in order to balance differences in approaches and designs- ideally the different studies will all come to one conclusion
converging