Human Anatomy & Physiology Lab Exam 1

Language, microscopy, histology, cell anatomy/division, integumentary

• Transport across this surface must occur through simple diffusion

Found in:

• Alveoli of the lungs

Simple Squamous Epithelium

• Necessary in absorption and secretion

Found in:

• Kidney tubules

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

• Necessary for absorption and extensive secretion

Found in:

• Digestive track

Simple Columnar Epithelium

• May bear cilia and goblet cells

Found in:

• Trachea

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

• Functions in protection

Found in:

• The largest ducts of sweat glands

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

• Functions in protection and secretion

Found in:

• Lining the male urethra

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

• Functions to allow organs to stretch

Found in:

• Urinary bladder

Transitional Epithelium

• Gel-like matrix composed of fibroblasts

• Loose arrangement of collagen and elastin fibers

Found in:

• The lamina propria of mucous membranes

Areolar Connective Tissue

• Gel-like matrix composed of adipocytes (fat cells)

• Loose arrangement of collagen and elastin fibers

Found in:

• Around the kidneys

Adipose Connective Tissue

• Loose reticulin fibers composed of lymphocytes

• Filters blood and lymphatic fluid

Found in:

• Within the lymph nodes

Reticular Connective Tissue

• Densely packed parallel bundles of collagen composed of fibroblasts

• Provides a large amount of strength along the parallel axis of the bundles

Found in:

• Ligaments

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

• Irregularly arranged bundles of collagen composed of fibroblasts

• Provides a moderate amount of strength in many directions

Found in:

• Dermis

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

• Contains large amounts of elastin fibers

• Dominated by fibroblasts

• Able to stretch and recoil when needed

Found in:

• Large blood vessels

Elastic Connective Tissue

• Amorphous matrix with large network of collagen fibers

• Provides shape to structures that are not indented to deform

Found in:

• The flexible portion of the nose

Hyaline Cartilage

• Amorphous matrix with large network of elastin fibers

• Provides shape to structures that must deform

Found in:

• The external portion of the ear

Elastic Cartilage

• Thick parallel bundles of collagen

• Provides a large amount of strength in the direction of fibers

• Populated primarily by chondrocytes

Found in:

• The pubic symphysis

Fibrous Cartilage

• Hard, calcified matrix built upon dense, parallel bundles of collagen fibers

• Populated primarily by osteocytes

Found in:

• Throughout the skeleton

Bone

• Liquid matrix with few protein fibers

• Composed of erythrocytes and leukocytes

• Transports material throughout the body

Found in:

• Blood vessels

Blood

• Embryonic connective tissue

Found in:

• The embryo

Mesenchyme

• Muscular tissue containing long, branched, multinucleated cells

• Cells are striated in appearance

• Voluntary and neruogenic contraction

Found in:

• Attached to the skeleton and skin (ex. biceps femoris muscle)

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

• Muscular tissue containing short, branched, generally uninucleate cells

• Striated in appearance

• Involuntary and myogenic contraction

Found in:

• The walls of the heart

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

• Muscular tissue containing short, spindle-shaped cells

• Non-striated in appearance

• Involuntary in both myogenic and neurogenic contraction

Found in:

• The walls of hollow organs (ex. small intestine)

Smooth Muscle Tissue

• Transmits electrical signals throughout the body

• Neuroglia cells/glial cells

Found in:

• Spinal cord

Nervous Tissue

May be keratinized or non-keratinized, functions in protection from abrasion

Found in:

• Epidermis

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Identify one location in the body where simple squamous epithelium can be found:

Lining the alveoli of the lungs

Identify one location in the body where simple cuboidal epithelium can be found:

Lining the kidney tubules

Identify one location in the body where simple columnar epithelium can be found:

Lining the inner surface of the small intestine

Identify one location in the body where pseudostratified columnar epithelium can be found:

Lining the inner surface of the trachea

Identify one location in the body where stratified squamous epithelium can be found:

Within the epidermis of the skin

Identify one location in the body where stratified cuboidal epithelium can be found:

Lining the largest ducts of the sweat glands

Identify one location in the body where stratified columnar epithelium can be found:

Lining the male urethra

Identify one location in the body where transitional epithelium can be found:

Lining the inner surface of the urinary bladder

Identify one location in the body where areolar connective tissue can be found:

In the lamina propria of mucous membranes

Identify one location in the body where adipose connective tissue can be found:

Around the kidneys

Identify one location in the body where reticular connective tissue can be found:

Within the lymph nodes

Identify one location in the body where dense regular connective tissue can be found:

Within the ligaments

Identify one location in the body where dense irregular connective tissue can be found:

Within the dermis of the skin

Identify one location in the body where elastic connective tissue can be found:

Large blood vessels

Identify one location in the body where hyaline cartilage can be found:

Within the flexible portion of the nose

Identify one location in the body where elastic cartilage can be found

Within the external portion of the ear

Identify one location in the body where fibrous cartilage can be found:

Within the pubic symphysis

Identify one location where mesenchyme can be found:

Within the embryo

Identify one location in the body where skeletal muscle tissue can be found:

Within the biceps femoris muscle

Identify one location in the body where cardiac muscle tissue can be found

Within the walls of the heart

Identify one location in the body where smooth muscle tissue can be found

Within the walls of the small intestine

Identify one location in the body where nervous tissue can be found:

Within the spinal cord

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Transitional Epithelium

Areolar Connective Tissue

Adipose Connective Tissue

Reticular Connective Tissue

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Elastic Connective Tissue

Hyaline Cartilage

Elastic Cartilage

Fibrous Cartilage

Bone

Blood

Mesenchyme

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Nervous Tissue

________ tissues are sheets of cells that line body surfaces, either external or internal.

Epithelial

________ tissues are support tissues where is a specific cell type is imbedded within a non-living (acellular) matrix.

Connective

________ tissues are excitable tissues that are capable of contraction.

Muscle

________ tissues are excitable tissues that are capable of transferring and integrating signals from one part of the body to another.

Nervous

What are the cell junctions between cardiac muscle cells called?

Intercalated discs

What are the mucus producing cells in epithelial tissue called?

Goblet cells

What are the spaces in which chondrocytes reside called?

Lacunae

This epidermal layer consists of many layers of flattened keratinized dead cells:

Stratum Corneum

This epidermal layer contains a large percentage of actively mitotic cells:

Stratum Basale

This epidermal layer consists of a very thin transparent layer of flattened keratinized cells:

Stratum Lucidum

This epidermal layer consists of flattened but still living cells that contain keratin granules:

Stratum Granulosum

This hardened structure protects and supports the dorsal side of the distal phalangeal region:

Nail

This structure produces an oily secretion to lubricate the shaft of a hair or the surface of the skin:

Sebaceous gland

This structure produces a thin, watery secretion that carries heat away from the body as it evaporates:

Eccrine sweat gland

This structure produces a milky, protein- and lipid-rich secretion and is limited to the axillary and pubic regions:

Apocrine sweat gland

This structure produces a shaft of keratinized cells that extend from the surface of the skin:

Hair follicle

What is the membrane that surrounds the internal contents of the cell and provides a boundary between the external environment and the internal cell environment?

Plasma membrane

What paired, cylindrical bodies direct the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division?

Centrioles

What minute, finger-like projections of the cell membrane serve to increase the surface area of the cell for absorption?

Microvilli

What membrane bound organelle contains the genetic material that controls the functioning of the cell?

Nucleus

What cytoskeletal element is primarily composed of actin?

Microfilament

What tiny spherical bodies, composed of RNA and protein, are the actual sites of protein synthesis?

Ribosomes

What membranous vesicles contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals?

Peroxisomes

What membranous system of tubules serves to either store and transport proteins or to synthesize steroids and lipids?

Endoplasmic Reticulum

What cytoskeletal element is primarily composed of tubulins and helps determine the shape of the cell?

Microtubule

What cytoskeletal elements are stable and resist mechanical forces acting on the cell?

Intermediate filaments

DNA replication occurs during which phase of the cell cycle?

Interphase

The chromosomes line up along the midline of the cell during which phase of mitosis?

Metaphase

The daughter chromosomes separate during which phase of mitosis?

Anaphase

The nuclear membrane disappears during which phase of mitosis?

Late prophase