C1 INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

WHAT IS THE MEANING OF CHEMISTRY?

STUDIES THE STRUCTURE, PROPERTIES, COMPOSITIONS AND INTERACTION BETWEEN MATTER

WHAT DOES CHEMISTRY HELP US WITH?

HELPS US UNDERSTAND MATTER AROUND US

WHAT DOES THE WORD CHEMISTRY MEAN?

MEAN AL KIMIYA WHERE AL MEANS THE AND KIMIYA MEANS TRANSFORMATION AND TOGETHER MEANS THE TRANSFORMATION

WHO IS THE FATHER OF CHEMISTRY?

JABIR IBN HAYYAN

WHAT ARE THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF CHEMISTRY TO UR DAILY LIFE?

• MEDICINE

• FOOD

• INDUSTRY

• AGRICULTURE

HOW DOES CHEMISTRY HELP US THROUGH MEDICINE?

• CHEMOTHERAPY

• VITAMIN

• ANTIBIOTIC

• ANTISEPTIC

• ANALGESIC

WHAT IS ANTIBIOTIC?

MEDICINE THAT PREVENTS BACTERIAL INFECTION

WHAT IS ANTISEPTIC?

MEDICINE THAT REMOVES BACTERIA

WHAT IS VITAMIN?

NUTRIENTS NEEDED BY THE BODY TO STAY HEALTHY

WHAT IS CHEMOTHERAPY?

MEDICAL PROCEDURE TO KILL CANCER CELLS

HWO DOES CHEMISTRY CONTRIBUTE THROUGH FOOD?

• PRESERVATIVE

• FLAVOURING

• COLOURING

• ANTIOXIDANT

• STABILISER

WHAT IS PRESERVATIVE IN FOOD?

A PRODUCT THAT IS ADDED TO FOOD TO HELP THEM STAY LONGER BY SLOWING DOWN BACTERIAL GROWTH

WHAT IS ANTIOXIDANT IN FOOD?

PROTECTS SKIN CELLS FROM DAMAGE

EX:VITAMIN C

WHAT IS STABILISER IN FOOD?

TO MAINTAIN THE STRUCTURE AND TEXTURE OF THE FOOD

HWO DOES CHEMISTRY CONTRIBUTE THROUGH AGRICULTURE?

• HERBICIDE

• PESTICIDE

• FUNGICIDE

• HORMONE

• FERTILISER

WHAT IS FUNGICIDE

CHEMICAL TO CONTROL FUNGI IN PLANTS

WHAT IS HERBICIDE

CHEMICAL TO CONTROL UNWANTED PLANTS

WHAT IS PESTICIDE

CHEMICAL TO CONTROL PESTS LIKE INSECTS

WHAT IS HORMONE?

NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC SUBSTANCE THAT MANAGES CROP DEVELOPMENT SUCH AS FASTER FLOWERING

WHAT IS A FERTILISER

NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC MATERIAL ADDED TO PLANT TO IMPROVE GROWTH

HOW DOES CHEMISTRY CONTRIBUTE TO INDUSTRY?

• PAINT

• POLYMER

• CERAMIC

• DETERGANT

• ALLOY

• GLASS

WHAT IS POLYMER?

USED TO MAKE FABRICS AND FURNITURES

WHAT IS CERAMIC

POT MADE FROM CLAY AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

WHAT IS ALLOY

A MIXTURE OF A METAL AND ANOTHER METAL OR A NON METAL TO GIVE IT EXTRA PROPERTY

WHAT ARE THE FIVE FIELDS OF CHEMISTRY?

• BIOTECHNOLOGY

• COSMETICS

• GREEN TECHNOLOGY

• NANOTECHNOLOGY

• PHARMACEUTICAL

WHAT ARE THE CAREERS IN PHARMACEUTICAL?

• DOCTOR

• PHARMACIST

WHAT ARE THE CAREERS IN GREEN TECHNOLOGY?

• GREEN TECHNOLOGY CHEMIST

• ENGINEER

WHAT ARE THE CAREER IN COSMETICS?

• COSMETIC CHEMIST

• COSMETIC CONSULTANT

WHAT ARE THE CAREER IN BIOTECHNOLOGY?

• BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEER

• BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCHER

WHAT ARE THE CAREERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY?

• NANOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEER

• FOOD SCIENTIST

WHAT DOES A BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCHER DO?

DEVELOPS NEW KNOWLEDGE TO IMPROVE HEALTH AND ENVIROMENT

WHAT DOES A BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEER DO?

DEVELOPS PRODUCT BY COMBINING BIOLOGY AND ENGINEERING

WHAT DOES A COSMETIC CHEMIST DO?

DEVELOP COSMETICS AND MAKE SURE THEY ARE SAFE FOR HUMANS

WHAT DOES A COSMETIC CONSULTANT DO?

PROVIDES ADVICE ON COSMETICS

WHAT DOES A GREEN TECHNOLOGY CHEMIST DO?

DESIGNS CHEMICAL PRODUCTS FOCUSING ON SUSTAINABILITY

WHAT DOES A ENGINEER DO?

APPLIES MATHEMATICS AND SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE TO BUILD MACHINES

WHAT DOES A NANOTECHOLOGY ENGINEER DO?

DESIGNS AND DEVELOPS DEVICES AT MOLECULAR SCALE

WHAT DOES A FOOD SCIENTIST DO?

USES CHEMISTRY TO ENSURE FOOD SAFETY

WHAT DOES A DOCTOR DO?

TREATS ILLNESS IN HUMANS

WHAT DOES A PHARMACIST DO?

MANAGES MEDICATION FOR PATIENTS

WHAT ARE THE 5 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT?

• SAFETY GOOGLES

• FACE MASK

• GLOVES

• LABORATORY COAT

• LABORATORY SHOES

WHAT ARE THE 5 LABORATORY SAFETY EQUIPMENTS?

• FUME CHAMBER

• SAFETY SHOWER

• EYEWASH

• HANDWASH

• FIRE EXTINGUISHER

WHAT IS THE USE OF SAFETY GOGGLES?

PREVENTS SPLASHES OF CHEMICALS OR DUST FROM ENTERING THE EYE

WHAT IS THE USE OF FACE MASK?

PROTECTS RESPIRATORY SYSTEM FROM CHEMICAL POWDER AND FUMES

WHAT IS THE USE OF GLOVES

PROTECTS HAND FROM INJURIES AND CHEMICALS

WHAT IS THE USE OF LABORATORY COAT?

PROTECTS THE BODY AND CLOTHES FROM CHEMICAL SPILLS SUCH AS ACID, ALKALI AND ORGANIC SOLVANTS

WHAT IS THE USE OF LABORATORY SHOES?

PROTECTS FEET FROM INJURIES CHEMICAL SPILL AND SHARP OBJECTS

WHAT IS THE USE OF FUME CHAMBER?

HELPS WHEN CARRYING OUT EXPERIMENTS THAT RELEASE TOXIC VAPOUR, CAUSE COMBUSTION OR PRODUCE PUNGENT SMELL

WHAT IS THE USE OF SAFETY SHOWER?

TO CLEAN BODY WHEN CHEMICAL SPILLS HAPPENS AND EXTINGUISH FIRE FROM CLOTHES

WHAT IS THE USE OF EYEWASH

TO WASH AND CLEAN EYES WHEN ACCIDENT HAPPENS INVOLVING THE EYE

WHAT IS THE USE OF HANDWASH

REMOVES CHEMICALS, OIL, DIRT AND MICROORGANISM FROM HAND

WHAT IS THE USE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER

EXTINGUISH FIRE

WHAT ARE THE EXAMPLE SUBSTANCES THAT RELEASE TOXIC VAPOUR, CAUSE COMBUSTION AND PUNGENT SMELL

• CONCENTRATED SULPHERIC ACID

• CHLORINE GAS

• AMMONIA GAS

• BROMINE GAS

• ALCOHOL

• BENZENE

WHAT DOES CSCD STAND FOR?

CHEMICAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

WHAT IS CSDS USED FOR?

GIVES INFORMATION ABOUT CHEMICALS TO ASSIST CONSUMERS IN MANAGING THE CHEMICALS

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN CHEMICALS ARE NOT STORED OR DISPOSED PROPERLY?

• CAUSES ENVIROMENTAL POLLUTION

• DESTRYOS HABITAT OF FLORA AND FAUNA

• ENDANGERS HUMAN HEALTH

HOW DO YOU STORE REACTIVE SUBSTANCE?

LITHIUM, SODIUM AND POTTASIUM ARE STORED IN PARAFFIN OIL TO PREVENT REACTION WITH THE MOISTURE IN THE AIR

WHY ARE LITHIUM, SODIUM AND POTTASIUM STORED IN PARAFFIN OIL?

BECAUSE LITHIUM, SODIUM AND POTTASIUM CANNOT BE MIXED WITH WATER AND THE AIR HAS MOISTURE

HOW DO YOU STORE HYDROCARBONS AND ORGANIC SOLVANTS

STORED IN SHADY AREA AWAY FROM SUNLIGHT AND HEAT

WHY ARE HYDROCARBONS AND ORGANIC SOLVANTS STORED IN SHADY AREA AWAY FROM SUNLIGHT AND HEAT

BECAUSE THEY ARE VOLATILE AND INFLAMMABLE

HOW DO YOU STORE SUBSTANCES THAT DECOMPOSE EASILY?

STORED IN DARK BOTTLES

WHAT ARE THE EXAMPLE SUBSTANCES THAT DECOMPOSES EASILY?

• CONCENTRATED NITRIC ACID

• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE SOLUTION

• SILVER NITRATE SOLUTION

• LIQUID BROMINE

• LIQUID CHLORINE

HOW DO YOU STORE SUBSTANCES WITH PH<5 AND PH>9

KEPT IN A SPECIAL STORAGE CABINETS AND KEPT LOCKED BECAUSE THESE ARE CORROSIVE CHEMICALS

HOW DO YOU STORE HEAVY METALS AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES

KEPT IN SPECIAL LABELLED CONTAINERS AND KEPT IN A HEAT FREE LOCKED ROOM

HOW DO YOU DISPORE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE?

• IF ITS LOW CONCENTRATION, IT CAN DIRECTLY BE POURED INTO THE SINK

• HIGH CONCENTRATION SHOULD BE DILUTED WITH WATER AND SODIUM SULPHITE FIRST BEFORE BEING POURED INTO THE SINK

WHAT SHOULD BE USED TO DILUTE HIGH CONCENTRATION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE?

WATER AND SODIUM SULPHITE

HOW TO DISPOSE SOLID WASTE?

GLASS AND RUBBER DISPOSED INTO SPECIAL CONTAINER

HOW TO DISPOSE ORGANIC SOLVANTS AND HYDROCARBONS?

• SHOULD BE KEPT IN A SPECIAL CONTAINER MADE OF GLASS OR PLASTIC BECAUSE IT IS TOXIC, CARCINOGENIC, VOLATILE AND INFLAMMABLE

• POLLUTES WATER AND ENVIROMENT IF DISPOSED INTO THE SINK

WHAT IS CARCINOGENIC?

SUBSTANCE THAT CAN CAUSE CANCER

WHAT IS VOLATILE?

RAPIDLY VAPOURIZING

HOW TO DISPOSE SUBSTANCE WITH PH<5 AND PH>9

• KEPT IN A CLOSE LABELLED CONTAINERS DURING DISPOSAL BECAUSE IT CAN DAMAGE SINK AND PRODUCE TOXIC GAS AND HEAT WHEN POURED INTO THE SINK BECAUSE IT CAN REACT WITH WATER

HOW TO DISPOSE HEAVY METALS AND TOXIC MATERIALS

• KEPT IN PLASTIC BAGS AND THE SOLUTION IF LEFT IN THE FUME CHAMBER TO VAPOURIZE AND THEN THE BAG IS TIED AND PUT IN A CONTAINER FOR HEAVY METAL WASTE

HOW TO DISPOSE VOLATILE SUBSTANCES?

ALCHOHOL, AMMONIA, BROMINE EASILY CONVERTS TO GAS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE AND SOME OF THE GAS PRODUCED ARE TOXIC AND FATAL.

• SO TE VOLATILE SUBSTANCES SHOULD BE STORED IN CLOSED CONTAINERS AND KEPT AWAY FROM SUN AND HEAT

WHAT ARE THE EXAMPLES OF VOLATILE SUBSTANCES?

• ALCHOHOL

• AMMONIA

• BROMINE

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF MERCURY POISONING?

• COUGHING

• VOMITTING

• DIARRHEA

• CHEST PAIN

• SORE THROAT

• INCREASE IN BLOOD PRESSURE

• DIFFICULTY BREATING

• VISION PROBLEM

• HEADACHE

WHAT TO DO WHEN MERCURY SPILLS HAPPENS?

• INFORM TEACHER OR LABORATORY ASSISTANT

• PROHIBIT THE SPILL SITE

• SPRINKLE SULPHUR POWDER ON THE SPILL

• CONTACT FIRE AND RESCUE DEPARTMANT

WHAT TO DO WHEN WASTE SPILLS HAPPENS IN LABORATORY?

1. INFORM TEACHER OR LABORATORY ASSISTANT

2. PROHIBIT STUDENTS FROM ENTERING THE SPILL SITE

3. STOP THE SPILL FROM SPREADING BUT PUTTING SAND TO BORDER

4. CLEAN THE CHEMICAL SPILL

5. DISPOSE THE CHEMICAL SPILL BY THE CORRECT PROCEDURE